prove the L’Hospitals rule without Cauchy's Mean Value Theorem












0












$begingroup$


I am trying to prove the L’Hospitals rule in the following using the mean value theorem of the differential calculus instead of Cauchy's Mean Value Theorem(the generalized mean value theorem of differential calculus).



Consider two functions $f(x)$ and $g(x)$, continuous on a closed interval $[a, b]$ of the X-axis, and differentiable on the interior of that interval. We assume that $g'(x)$ is positive and $f(a) = g(a) = 0$. The ordinary mean value theorem of differential calculus applied separately to $f(x)$ and $g(x)$ furnishes the expression:
$$frac{f(x) - f(a)}{gleft( x right) - gleft( a right)}=frac{f'(c_1)}{g^{'}left( c_2 right)}.$$
where $c_1$ and $c_2$ are suitable intermediate values in the open interval $(a, x)$.
After taking limit on both sides and substituting $f(a) = g(a) = 0 $, one got
$$lim _{xrightarrow a+}frac{f(x) - f(a)}{gleft( x right) - gleft( a right)}=lim _{xrightarrow a+}frac{f(x)}{gleft( x right)}=lim _{xrightarrow a+}frac{f'(c_1)}{g^{'}left( c_2 right)}$$
However, L’Hospital’s Rule needs $$lim _{xrightarrow a+}frac{f(x)}{gleft( x right)}=lim _{xrightarrow a+}frac{f'(x)}{g^{'}left( x right)}$$
so I wonder whether $lim _{xrightarrow a+}frac{f'(c_1)}{g^{'}left( c_2 right)}=lim _{xrightarrow a+}frac{f'(x)}{g^{'}left( x right)}$ hold in this case ?





Some progress I have made in solving the problem :




  1. For every x, there always exist $c_1$ and $c_2$ in (a, x), so one
    can denote $c_1=m(x)$ and $c_2=n(x)$, then $$lim _{xrightarrow
    a+}frac{f(x)}{gleft( x right)}=lim _{xrightarrow
    a+}frac{f'(c_1)}{g^{'}left( c_2 right)}=lim _{xrightarrow
    a+}frac{f'(m(x))}{g^{'}left( n(x) right)}$$
    (As @Bernard pointed out in the comment - if there are several $c_1$s
    or $c_2$s in $(a, x)$, then I would choose any one of them, then $c_1$ and $c_2$ are functions of $x$ .), so the problem
    becomes : whether $lim _{xrightarrow
    a+}frac{f'(m(x))}{g^{'}left( n(x) right)}=lim _{xrightarrow
    a+}frac{f'(x)}{g^{'}left( x right)}$
    hold in this case ?

  2. As $x$ approaches $a$, $c_1$ and $c_2$ also approach $a$ because it
    always lies between $a$ and $x$.










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$












  • $begingroup$
    Writing $lim _{xrightarrow a+}frac{f'(c_1)}{g^{'}left( c_2 right)}$ is meaningless because $c_1$ and $c_2$ are not functions of $x$.
    $endgroup$
    – Bernard
    Jan 20 at 15:20










  • $begingroup$
    @Bernard I think not. For every x, there always exist $c_1$ and $c_2$ in (a, x), so one can denote $c_1=m(x)$ and $c_2=n(x)$. BTW, as $x$ approaches $a$, $c_1$ and $c_2$ also approaches $a$ because it always lies between $a$ and $x$.
    $endgroup$
    – iMath
    Jan 20 at 15:35










  • $begingroup$
    And if there are several $c_1$s or $c_2$s?
    $endgroup$
    – Bernard
    Jan 20 at 15:45












  • $begingroup$
    @Bernard Oh, I haven't considered that. If there are several $c_1$s or $c_2$s, then I may choose any one of them
    $endgroup$
    – iMath
    Jan 20 at 15:53










  • $begingroup$
    With the axiom of choice? It raises some fundamental questions…
    $endgroup$
    – Bernard
    Jan 20 at 16:30
















0












$begingroup$


I am trying to prove the L’Hospitals rule in the following using the mean value theorem of the differential calculus instead of Cauchy's Mean Value Theorem(the generalized mean value theorem of differential calculus).



Consider two functions $f(x)$ and $g(x)$, continuous on a closed interval $[a, b]$ of the X-axis, and differentiable on the interior of that interval. We assume that $g'(x)$ is positive and $f(a) = g(a) = 0$. The ordinary mean value theorem of differential calculus applied separately to $f(x)$ and $g(x)$ furnishes the expression:
$$frac{f(x) - f(a)}{gleft( x right) - gleft( a right)}=frac{f'(c_1)}{g^{'}left( c_2 right)}.$$
where $c_1$ and $c_2$ are suitable intermediate values in the open interval $(a, x)$.
After taking limit on both sides and substituting $f(a) = g(a) = 0 $, one got
$$lim _{xrightarrow a+}frac{f(x) - f(a)}{gleft( x right) - gleft( a right)}=lim _{xrightarrow a+}frac{f(x)}{gleft( x right)}=lim _{xrightarrow a+}frac{f'(c_1)}{g^{'}left( c_2 right)}$$
However, L’Hospital’s Rule needs $$lim _{xrightarrow a+}frac{f(x)}{gleft( x right)}=lim _{xrightarrow a+}frac{f'(x)}{g^{'}left( x right)}$$
so I wonder whether $lim _{xrightarrow a+}frac{f'(c_1)}{g^{'}left( c_2 right)}=lim _{xrightarrow a+}frac{f'(x)}{g^{'}left( x right)}$ hold in this case ?





Some progress I have made in solving the problem :




  1. For every x, there always exist $c_1$ and $c_2$ in (a, x), so one
    can denote $c_1=m(x)$ and $c_2=n(x)$, then $$lim _{xrightarrow
    a+}frac{f(x)}{gleft( x right)}=lim _{xrightarrow
    a+}frac{f'(c_1)}{g^{'}left( c_2 right)}=lim _{xrightarrow
    a+}frac{f'(m(x))}{g^{'}left( n(x) right)}$$
    (As @Bernard pointed out in the comment - if there are several $c_1$s
    or $c_2$s in $(a, x)$, then I would choose any one of them, then $c_1$ and $c_2$ are functions of $x$ .), so the problem
    becomes : whether $lim _{xrightarrow
    a+}frac{f'(m(x))}{g^{'}left( n(x) right)}=lim _{xrightarrow
    a+}frac{f'(x)}{g^{'}left( x right)}$
    hold in this case ?

  2. As $x$ approaches $a$, $c_1$ and $c_2$ also approach $a$ because it
    always lies between $a$ and $x$.










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$












  • $begingroup$
    Writing $lim _{xrightarrow a+}frac{f'(c_1)}{g^{'}left( c_2 right)}$ is meaningless because $c_1$ and $c_2$ are not functions of $x$.
    $endgroup$
    – Bernard
    Jan 20 at 15:20










  • $begingroup$
    @Bernard I think not. For every x, there always exist $c_1$ and $c_2$ in (a, x), so one can denote $c_1=m(x)$ and $c_2=n(x)$. BTW, as $x$ approaches $a$, $c_1$ and $c_2$ also approaches $a$ because it always lies between $a$ and $x$.
    $endgroup$
    – iMath
    Jan 20 at 15:35










  • $begingroup$
    And if there are several $c_1$s or $c_2$s?
    $endgroup$
    – Bernard
    Jan 20 at 15:45












  • $begingroup$
    @Bernard Oh, I haven't considered that. If there are several $c_1$s or $c_2$s, then I may choose any one of them
    $endgroup$
    – iMath
    Jan 20 at 15:53










  • $begingroup$
    With the axiom of choice? It raises some fundamental questions…
    $endgroup$
    – Bernard
    Jan 20 at 16:30














0












0








0





$begingroup$


I am trying to prove the L’Hospitals rule in the following using the mean value theorem of the differential calculus instead of Cauchy's Mean Value Theorem(the generalized mean value theorem of differential calculus).



Consider two functions $f(x)$ and $g(x)$, continuous on a closed interval $[a, b]$ of the X-axis, and differentiable on the interior of that interval. We assume that $g'(x)$ is positive and $f(a) = g(a) = 0$. The ordinary mean value theorem of differential calculus applied separately to $f(x)$ and $g(x)$ furnishes the expression:
$$frac{f(x) - f(a)}{gleft( x right) - gleft( a right)}=frac{f'(c_1)}{g^{'}left( c_2 right)}.$$
where $c_1$ and $c_2$ are suitable intermediate values in the open interval $(a, x)$.
After taking limit on both sides and substituting $f(a) = g(a) = 0 $, one got
$$lim _{xrightarrow a+}frac{f(x) - f(a)}{gleft( x right) - gleft( a right)}=lim _{xrightarrow a+}frac{f(x)}{gleft( x right)}=lim _{xrightarrow a+}frac{f'(c_1)}{g^{'}left( c_2 right)}$$
However, L’Hospital’s Rule needs $$lim _{xrightarrow a+}frac{f(x)}{gleft( x right)}=lim _{xrightarrow a+}frac{f'(x)}{g^{'}left( x right)}$$
so I wonder whether $lim _{xrightarrow a+}frac{f'(c_1)}{g^{'}left( c_2 right)}=lim _{xrightarrow a+}frac{f'(x)}{g^{'}left( x right)}$ hold in this case ?





Some progress I have made in solving the problem :




  1. For every x, there always exist $c_1$ and $c_2$ in (a, x), so one
    can denote $c_1=m(x)$ and $c_2=n(x)$, then $$lim _{xrightarrow
    a+}frac{f(x)}{gleft( x right)}=lim _{xrightarrow
    a+}frac{f'(c_1)}{g^{'}left( c_2 right)}=lim _{xrightarrow
    a+}frac{f'(m(x))}{g^{'}left( n(x) right)}$$
    (As @Bernard pointed out in the comment - if there are several $c_1$s
    or $c_2$s in $(a, x)$, then I would choose any one of them, then $c_1$ and $c_2$ are functions of $x$ .), so the problem
    becomes : whether $lim _{xrightarrow
    a+}frac{f'(m(x))}{g^{'}left( n(x) right)}=lim _{xrightarrow
    a+}frac{f'(x)}{g^{'}left( x right)}$
    hold in this case ?

  2. As $x$ approaches $a$, $c_1$ and $c_2$ also approach $a$ because it
    always lies between $a$ and $x$.










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$




I am trying to prove the L’Hospitals rule in the following using the mean value theorem of the differential calculus instead of Cauchy's Mean Value Theorem(the generalized mean value theorem of differential calculus).



Consider two functions $f(x)$ and $g(x)$, continuous on a closed interval $[a, b]$ of the X-axis, and differentiable on the interior of that interval. We assume that $g'(x)$ is positive and $f(a) = g(a) = 0$. The ordinary mean value theorem of differential calculus applied separately to $f(x)$ and $g(x)$ furnishes the expression:
$$frac{f(x) - f(a)}{gleft( x right) - gleft( a right)}=frac{f'(c_1)}{g^{'}left( c_2 right)}.$$
where $c_1$ and $c_2$ are suitable intermediate values in the open interval $(a, x)$.
After taking limit on both sides and substituting $f(a) = g(a) = 0 $, one got
$$lim _{xrightarrow a+}frac{f(x) - f(a)}{gleft( x right) - gleft( a right)}=lim _{xrightarrow a+}frac{f(x)}{gleft( x right)}=lim _{xrightarrow a+}frac{f'(c_1)}{g^{'}left( c_2 right)}$$
However, L’Hospital’s Rule needs $$lim _{xrightarrow a+}frac{f(x)}{gleft( x right)}=lim _{xrightarrow a+}frac{f'(x)}{g^{'}left( x right)}$$
so I wonder whether $lim _{xrightarrow a+}frac{f'(c_1)}{g^{'}left( c_2 right)}=lim _{xrightarrow a+}frac{f'(x)}{g^{'}left( x right)}$ hold in this case ?





Some progress I have made in solving the problem :




  1. For every x, there always exist $c_1$ and $c_2$ in (a, x), so one
    can denote $c_1=m(x)$ and $c_2=n(x)$, then $$lim _{xrightarrow
    a+}frac{f(x)}{gleft( x right)}=lim _{xrightarrow
    a+}frac{f'(c_1)}{g^{'}left( c_2 right)}=lim _{xrightarrow
    a+}frac{f'(m(x))}{g^{'}left( n(x) right)}$$
    (As @Bernard pointed out in the comment - if there are several $c_1$s
    or $c_2$s in $(a, x)$, then I would choose any one of them, then $c_1$ and $c_2$ are functions of $x$ .), so the problem
    becomes : whether $lim _{xrightarrow
    a+}frac{f'(m(x))}{g^{'}left( n(x) right)}=lim _{xrightarrow
    a+}frac{f'(x)}{g^{'}left( x right)}$
    hold in this case ?

  2. As $x$ approaches $a$, $c_1$ and $c_2$ also approach $a$ because it
    always lies between $a$ and $x$.







real-analysis calculus






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share|cite|improve this question








edited Jan 21 at 3:54







iMath

















asked Jan 20 at 15:13









iMathiMath

1,011821




1,011821












  • $begingroup$
    Writing $lim _{xrightarrow a+}frac{f'(c_1)}{g^{'}left( c_2 right)}$ is meaningless because $c_1$ and $c_2$ are not functions of $x$.
    $endgroup$
    – Bernard
    Jan 20 at 15:20










  • $begingroup$
    @Bernard I think not. For every x, there always exist $c_1$ and $c_2$ in (a, x), so one can denote $c_1=m(x)$ and $c_2=n(x)$. BTW, as $x$ approaches $a$, $c_1$ and $c_2$ also approaches $a$ because it always lies between $a$ and $x$.
    $endgroup$
    – iMath
    Jan 20 at 15:35










  • $begingroup$
    And if there are several $c_1$s or $c_2$s?
    $endgroup$
    – Bernard
    Jan 20 at 15:45












  • $begingroup$
    @Bernard Oh, I haven't considered that. If there are several $c_1$s or $c_2$s, then I may choose any one of them
    $endgroup$
    – iMath
    Jan 20 at 15:53










  • $begingroup$
    With the axiom of choice? It raises some fundamental questions…
    $endgroup$
    – Bernard
    Jan 20 at 16:30


















  • $begingroup$
    Writing $lim _{xrightarrow a+}frac{f'(c_1)}{g^{'}left( c_2 right)}$ is meaningless because $c_1$ and $c_2$ are not functions of $x$.
    $endgroup$
    – Bernard
    Jan 20 at 15:20










  • $begingroup$
    @Bernard I think not. For every x, there always exist $c_1$ and $c_2$ in (a, x), so one can denote $c_1=m(x)$ and $c_2=n(x)$. BTW, as $x$ approaches $a$, $c_1$ and $c_2$ also approaches $a$ because it always lies between $a$ and $x$.
    $endgroup$
    – iMath
    Jan 20 at 15:35










  • $begingroup$
    And if there are several $c_1$s or $c_2$s?
    $endgroup$
    – Bernard
    Jan 20 at 15:45












  • $begingroup$
    @Bernard Oh, I haven't considered that. If there are several $c_1$s or $c_2$s, then I may choose any one of them
    $endgroup$
    – iMath
    Jan 20 at 15:53










  • $begingroup$
    With the axiom of choice? It raises some fundamental questions…
    $endgroup$
    – Bernard
    Jan 20 at 16:30
















$begingroup$
Writing $lim _{xrightarrow a+}frac{f'(c_1)}{g^{'}left( c_2 right)}$ is meaningless because $c_1$ and $c_2$ are not functions of $x$.
$endgroup$
– Bernard
Jan 20 at 15:20




$begingroup$
Writing $lim _{xrightarrow a+}frac{f'(c_1)}{g^{'}left( c_2 right)}$ is meaningless because $c_1$ and $c_2$ are not functions of $x$.
$endgroup$
– Bernard
Jan 20 at 15:20












$begingroup$
@Bernard I think not. For every x, there always exist $c_1$ and $c_2$ in (a, x), so one can denote $c_1=m(x)$ and $c_2=n(x)$. BTW, as $x$ approaches $a$, $c_1$ and $c_2$ also approaches $a$ because it always lies between $a$ and $x$.
$endgroup$
– iMath
Jan 20 at 15:35




$begingroup$
@Bernard I think not. For every x, there always exist $c_1$ and $c_2$ in (a, x), so one can denote $c_1=m(x)$ and $c_2=n(x)$. BTW, as $x$ approaches $a$, $c_1$ and $c_2$ also approaches $a$ because it always lies between $a$ and $x$.
$endgroup$
– iMath
Jan 20 at 15:35












$begingroup$
And if there are several $c_1$s or $c_2$s?
$endgroup$
– Bernard
Jan 20 at 15:45






$begingroup$
And if there are several $c_1$s or $c_2$s?
$endgroup$
– Bernard
Jan 20 at 15:45














$begingroup$
@Bernard Oh, I haven't considered that. If there are several $c_1$s or $c_2$s, then I may choose any one of them
$endgroup$
– iMath
Jan 20 at 15:53




$begingroup$
@Bernard Oh, I haven't considered that. If there are several $c_1$s or $c_2$s, then I may choose any one of them
$endgroup$
– iMath
Jan 20 at 15:53












$begingroup$
With the axiom of choice? It raises some fundamental questions…
$endgroup$
– Bernard
Jan 20 at 16:30




$begingroup$
With the axiom of choice? It raises some fundamental questions…
$endgroup$
– Bernard
Jan 20 at 16:30










2 Answers
2






active

oldest

votes


















0












$begingroup$

Since we have the same restrictions of domain for $f, g$ we can say that without loss of generality that $c_1 = c_2$.



Fully the proof would be as follows:



If $x in (a,b)$, then by the Mean Value Theorem applied to our given restrictions of $f,g$ to $[a, x]$, there exists some $xi_x in (a,x)$ with $$frac{f'(xi_x )}{g'(xi_x )}=frac{f(x)-f(a)}{g(x)-g(a)}=frac{f(x)}{g(x)}$$



Since $xi_x rightarrow a$ as $xrightarrow a_+$ we have $$lim_{xrightarrow a_+} frac{f(x)}{g(x)}=lim_{xrightarrow a_+} frac{f'(xi_x)}{g'(xi_x)}$$






share|cite|improve this answer









$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    Sorry, but Cauchy's Mean Value Theorem is the same as the generalized mean value theorem of differential calculus, I don't want to use it to prove here
    $endgroup$
    – iMath
    Jan 20 at 15:50



















0












$begingroup$

You have to use Cauchy's Mean Value Theorem; that is
$$frac{f(x)-f(a)}{g(x)-g(a)}=frac{f'(c)}{g'(c)}$$
for some $c$ such that $a<c<x$. Thus when $xto a^+$, one has $to a^+$. So
$$lim _{xrightarrow a+}frac{f(x)}{g(x)}=lim _{xrightarrow a+}frac{f'(c)}{g'(c)}=lim_{crightarrow a+}frac{f'(c)}{g'(c)}=lim _{xrightarrow a+}frac{f'(x)}{g'(x)}.$$






share|cite|improve this answer











$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    Sorry, but Cauchy's Mean Value Theorem is the same as the generalized mean value theorem of differential calculus, I don't want to use it to prove here
    $endgroup$
    – iMath
    Jan 20 at 15:37











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2 Answers
2






active

oldest

votes








2 Answers
2






active

oldest

votes









active

oldest

votes






active

oldest

votes









0












$begingroup$

Since we have the same restrictions of domain for $f, g$ we can say that without loss of generality that $c_1 = c_2$.



Fully the proof would be as follows:



If $x in (a,b)$, then by the Mean Value Theorem applied to our given restrictions of $f,g$ to $[a, x]$, there exists some $xi_x in (a,x)$ with $$frac{f'(xi_x )}{g'(xi_x )}=frac{f(x)-f(a)}{g(x)-g(a)}=frac{f(x)}{g(x)}$$



Since $xi_x rightarrow a$ as $xrightarrow a_+$ we have $$lim_{xrightarrow a_+} frac{f(x)}{g(x)}=lim_{xrightarrow a_+} frac{f'(xi_x)}{g'(xi_x)}$$






share|cite|improve this answer









$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    Sorry, but Cauchy's Mean Value Theorem is the same as the generalized mean value theorem of differential calculus, I don't want to use it to prove here
    $endgroup$
    – iMath
    Jan 20 at 15:50
















0












$begingroup$

Since we have the same restrictions of domain for $f, g$ we can say that without loss of generality that $c_1 = c_2$.



Fully the proof would be as follows:



If $x in (a,b)$, then by the Mean Value Theorem applied to our given restrictions of $f,g$ to $[a, x]$, there exists some $xi_x in (a,x)$ with $$frac{f'(xi_x )}{g'(xi_x )}=frac{f(x)-f(a)}{g(x)-g(a)}=frac{f(x)}{g(x)}$$



Since $xi_x rightarrow a$ as $xrightarrow a_+$ we have $$lim_{xrightarrow a_+} frac{f(x)}{g(x)}=lim_{xrightarrow a_+} frac{f'(xi_x)}{g'(xi_x)}$$






share|cite|improve this answer









$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    Sorry, but Cauchy's Mean Value Theorem is the same as the generalized mean value theorem of differential calculus, I don't want to use it to prove here
    $endgroup$
    – iMath
    Jan 20 at 15:50














0












0








0





$begingroup$

Since we have the same restrictions of domain for $f, g$ we can say that without loss of generality that $c_1 = c_2$.



Fully the proof would be as follows:



If $x in (a,b)$, then by the Mean Value Theorem applied to our given restrictions of $f,g$ to $[a, x]$, there exists some $xi_x in (a,x)$ with $$frac{f'(xi_x )}{g'(xi_x )}=frac{f(x)-f(a)}{g(x)-g(a)}=frac{f(x)}{g(x)}$$



Since $xi_x rightarrow a$ as $xrightarrow a_+$ we have $$lim_{xrightarrow a_+} frac{f(x)}{g(x)}=lim_{xrightarrow a_+} frac{f'(xi_x)}{g'(xi_x)}$$






share|cite|improve this answer









$endgroup$



Since we have the same restrictions of domain for $f, g$ we can say that without loss of generality that $c_1 = c_2$.



Fully the proof would be as follows:



If $x in (a,b)$, then by the Mean Value Theorem applied to our given restrictions of $f,g$ to $[a, x]$, there exists some $xi_x in (a,x)$ with $$frac{f'(xi_x )}{g'(xi_x )}=frac{f(x)-f(a)}{g(x)-g(a)}=frac{f(x)}{g(x)}$$



Since $xi_x rightarrow a$ as $xrightarrow a_+$ we have $$lim_{xrightarrow a_+} frac{f(x)}{g(x)}=lim_{xrightarrow a_+} frac{f'(xi_x)}{g'(xi_x)}$$







share|cite|improve this answer












share|cite|improve this answer



share|cite|improve this answer










answered Jan 20 at 15:26









Joel BiffinJoel Biffin

966




966












  • $begingroup$
    Sorry, but Cauchy's Mean Value Theorem is the same as the generalized mean value theorem of differential calculus, I don't want to use it to prove here
    $endgroup$
    – iMath
    Jan 20 at 15:50


















  • $begingroup$
    Sorry, but Cauchy's Mean Value Theorem is the same as the generalized mean value theorem of differential calculus, I don't want to use it to prove here
    $endgroup$
    – iMath
    Jan 20 at 15:50
















$begingroup$
Sorry, but Cauchy's Mean Value Theorem is the same as the generalized mean value theorem of differential calculus, I don't want to use it to prove here
$endgroup$
– iMath
Jan 20 at 15:50




$begingroup$
Sorry, but Cauchy's Mean Value Theorem is the same as the generalized mean value theorem of differential calculus, I don't want to use it to prove here
$endgroup$
– iMath
Jan 20 at 15:50











0












$begingroup$

You have to use Cauchy's Mean Value Theorem; that is
$$frac{f(x)-f(a)}{g(x)-g(a)}=frac{f'(c)}{g'(c)}$$
for some $c$ such that $a<c<x$. Thus when $xto a^+$, one has $to a^+$. So
$$lim _{xrightarrow a+}frac{f(x)}{g(x)}=lim _{xrightarrow a+}frac{f'(c)}{g'(c)}=lim_{crightarrow a+}frac{f'(c)}{g'(c)}=lim _{xrightarrow a+}frac{f'(x)}{g'(x)}.$$






share|cite|improve this answer











$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    Sorry, but Cauchy's Mean Value Theorem is the same as the generalized mean value theorem of differential calculus, I don't want to use it to prove here
    $endgroup$
    – iMath
    Jan 20 at 15:37
















0












$begingroup$

You have to use Cauchy's Mean Value Theorem; that is
$$frac{f(x)-f(a)}{g(x)-g(a)}=frac{f'(c)}{g'(c)}$$
for some $c$ such that $a<c<x$. Thus when $xto a^+$, one has $to a^+$. So
$$lim _{xrightarrow a+}frac{f(x)}{g(x)}=lim _{xrightarrow a+}frac{f'(c)}{g'(c)}=lim_{crightarrow a+}frac{f'(c)}{g'(c)}=lim _{xrightarrow a+}frac{f'(x)}{g'(x)}.$$






share|cite|improve this answer











$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    Sorry, but Cauchy's Mean Value Theorem is the same as the generalized mean value theorem of differential calculus, I don't want to use it to prove here
    $endgroup$
    – iMath
    Jan 20 at 15:37














0












0








0





$begingroup$

You have to use Cauchy's Mean Value Theorem; that is
$$frac{f(x)-f(a)}{g(x)-g(a)}=frac{f'(c)}{g'(c)}$$
for some $c$ such that $a<c<x$. Thus when $xto a^+$, one has $to a^+$. So
$$lim _{xrightarrow a+}frac{f(x)}{g(x)}=lim _{xrightarrow a+}frac{f'(c)}{g'(c)}=lim_{crightarrow a+}frac{f'(c)}{g'(c)}=lim _{xrightarrow a+}frac{f'(x)}{g'(x)}.$$






share|cite|improve this answer











$endgroup$



You have to use Cauchy's Mean Value Theorem; that is
$$frac{f(x)-f(a)}{g(x)-g(a)}=frac{f'(c)}{g'(c)}$$
for some $c$ such that $a<c<x$. Thus when $xto a^+$, one has $to a^+$. So
$$lim _{xrightarrow a+}frac{f(x)}{g(x)}=lim _{xrightarrow a+}frac{f'(c)}{g'(c)}=lim_{crightarrow a+}frac{f'(c)}{g'(c)}=lim _{xrightarrow a+}frac{f'(x)}{g'(x)}.$$







share|cite|improve this answer














share|cite|improve this answer



share|cite|improve this answer








edited Jan 20 at 15:33

























answered Jan 20 at 15:26









xpaulxpaul

22.8k24455




22.8k24455












  • $begingroup$
    Sorry, but Cauchy's Mean Value Theorem is the same as the generalized mean value theorem of differential calculus, I don't want to use it to prove here
    $endgroup$
    – iMath
    Jan 20 at 15:37


















  • $begingroup$
    Sorry, but Cauchy's Mean Value Theorem is the same as the generalized mean value theorem of differential calculus, I don't want to use it to prove here
    $endgroup$
    – iMath
    Jan 20 at 15:37
















$begingroup$
Sorry, but Cauchy's Mean Value Theorem is the same as the generalized mean value theorem of differential calculus, I don't want to use it to prove here
$endgroup$
– iMath
Jan 20 at 15:37




$begingroup$
Sorry, but Cauchy's Mean Value Theorem is the same as the generalized mean value theorem of differential calculus, I don't want to use it to prove here
$endgroup$
– iMath
Jan 20 at 15:37


















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