Number of integer solutions to Ax + By + Cz = D












0














How many integer solutions exits for the equations, $Ax + By + Cz = D$, where



$B = (A + 1), C = (A + 2)$, and $x, y, z$ are non-negative i.e $x, y, z, >= 0$



I require a general solution which can be implemented using code as well. We would be given the values of $A, D$.










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  • What are A, B, C and D? Matrices?
    – Dhanvi Sreenivasan
    Nov 6 '16 at 7:20










  • No, A, D are simply numbers, for eg: number of non - negative integer solutions to $3x + 4y + 5z = 12$
    – caretaker
    Nov 6 '16 at 7:27
















0














How many integer solutions exits for the equations, $Ax + By + Cz = D$, where



$B = (A + 1), C = (A + 2)$, and $x, y, z$ are non-negative i.e $x, y, z, >= 0$



I require a general solution which can be implemented using code as well. We would be given the values of $A, D$.










share|cite|improve this question














bumped to the homepage by Community 18 hours ago


This question has answers that may be good or bad; the system has marked it active so that they can be reviewed.















  • What are A, B, C and D? Matrices?
    – Dhanvi Sreenivasan
    Nov 6 '16 at 7:20










  • No, A, D are simply numbers, for eg: number of non - negative integer solutions to $3x + 4y + 5z = 12$
    – caretaker
    Nov 6 '16 at 7:27














0












0








0


2





How many integer solutions exits for the equations, $Ax + By + Cz = D$, where



$B = (A + 1), C = (A + 2)$, and $x, y, z$ are non-negative i.e $x, y, z, >= 0$



I require a general solution which can be implemented using code as well. We would be given the values of $A, D$.










share|cite|improve this question













How many integer solutions exits for the equations, $Ax + By + Cz = D$, where



$B = (A + 1), C = (A + 2)$, and $x, y, z$ are non-negative i.e $x, y, z, >= 0$



I require a general solution which can be implemented using code as well. We would be given the values of $A, D$.







combinatorics






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asked Nov 6 '16 at 7:16









caretaker

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bumped to the homepage by Community 18 hours ago


This question has answers that may be good or bad; the system has marked it active so that they can be reviewed.







bumped to the homepage by Community 18 hours ago


This question has answers that may be good or bad; the system has marked it active so that they can be reviewed.














  • What are A, B, C and D? Matrices?
    – Dhanvi Sreenivasan
    Nov 6 '16 at 7:20










  • No, A, D are simply numbers, for eg: number of non - negative integer solutions to $3x + 4y + 5z = 12$
    – caretaker
    Nov 6 '16 at 7:27


















  • What are A, B, C and D? Matrices?
    – Dhanvi Sreenivasan
    Nov 6 '16 at 7:20










  • No, A, D are simply numbers, for eg: number of non - negative integer solutions to $3x + 4y + 5z = 12$
    – caretaker
    Nov 6 '16 at 7:27
















What are A, B, C and D? Matrices?
– Dhanvi Sreenivasan
Nov 6 '16 at 7:20




What are A, B, C and D? Matrices?
– Dhanvi Sreenivasan
Nov 6 '16 at 7:20












No, A, D are simply numbers, for eg: number of non - negative integer solutions to $3x + 4y + 5z = 12$
– caretaker
Nov 6 '16 at 7:27




No, A, D are simply numbers, for eg: number of non - negative integer solutions to $3x + 4y + 5z = 12$
– caretaker
Nov 6 '16 at 7:27










2 Answers
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First note that $gcd(A, A + 1, A + 2) = 1 $. Since this gcd while divide $D$ this Diophantine equation will always have solutions. So first solve $Au + (A+1)v = gcd(A, A+1) = 1$. Then solve $(1)w + (A+2)s = gcd(1,A+2) = 1$. After finding the integer solutions(values of $u,v,w$ and $s$) using the Extended Euclidean Algorithm we then have
begin{align}
w + (A +2)s &= 1\
(Au + (A+1)v)w + (A+2)s &= 1\
A(uw) + (A+1)(vw) + (A+2)s &= 1\
A(Duw) + (A+1)(Dvw) + (A +2)(Ds) &= D
end{align}
Thus we have our solutions $x = Duw$, $y = Dvw$ and $z = Ds$.






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    So, assuming that $A,, D$ are non negative integers
    $$
    left{ matrix{
    0 le x,y,z,A,D; in mathbb Z hfill cr
    Ax + left( {A + 1} right)y + left( {A + 2} right)z = D hfill cr} right.
    $$

    when $A=0$ we are left with $y+2z=D$ and it is easy to see that the number of solutions is
    $$
    N_{A = 0} = 1 + leftlfloor {{D over 2}} rightrfloor = leftlceil {{{D + 1} over 2}} rightrceil
    $$



    Taking then $1 le A$, we can write
    $$
    left{ matrix{
    0 le x,y,k,A,D hfill cr
    Ax + left( {A + 1} right)y = D - left( {A + 2} right)k hfill cr} right.
    $$

    and since $gcd left( {A,A + 1} right) = 1$ we can apply to the Popoviciu's Theorem which reads
    $$ bbox[lightyellow] {
    eqalign{
    & p_{left{ {a,b} right}} (n) = left| {,left{ matrix{
    0 le x,y,a,b,n in Z hfill cr
    gcd (a,b) = 1 hfill cr
    ax + by = n hfill cr} right.;} right| = cr
    & = {n over {ab}} - left{ {{{b^{,left( { - 1} right)} n} over a}} right} - left{ {{{a^{,left( { - 1} right)} n} over b}} right} + 1 cr}
    } tag{1}$$

    where:
    $left{ x right} $ denotes the fractional part : $left{ x right} = x - leftlfloor x rightrfloor $

    and the exponent in brackets denotes the modular inverse
    $$
    b^{,left( { - 1} right)} b equiv 1;left( {bmod a} right)quad a^{,left( { - 1} right)} a equiv 1;left( {bmod b} right)
    $$



    In this respect we have
    $$
    eqalign{
    & A^{,left( { - 1} right)} A equiv 1;left( {bmod A + 1} right)quad Rightarrow quad A^{,left( { - 1} right)} = A cr
    & left( {A + 1} right)^{,left( { - 1} right)} left( {A + 1} right) equiv 1;left( {bmod A} right)quad Rightarrow
    quad left( {A + 1} right)^{,left( { - 1} right)} = 1 cr}
    $$



    Therefore the Popoviciu's theorem gives
    $$
    N_{,1 le A} = sumlimits_{k = 0}^{leftlfloor {D/left( {A + 2} right)} rightrfloor } {,left( {{{D - left( {A + 2} right)k} over {Aleft( {A + 1} right)}}
    - left{ {{{D - left( {A + 2} right)k} over A}} right} - left{ {{{Aleft( {D - left( {A + 2} right)k} right)} over {A + 1}}} right} + 1} right)}
    $$



    The terms above can be simplified to some extent. Let's put
    $$d=leftlfloor {D/left( {A + 2} right)} rightrfloor $$



    Then
    $$
    eqalign{
    & sumlimits_{k = 0}^d {{{D - left( {A + 2} right)k} over {Aleft( {A + 1} right)}} + 1}
    = {{D + Aleft( {A + 1} right)} over {Aleft( {A + 1} right)}}left( {d + 1} right) - {{left( {A + 2} right)} over {Aleft( {A + 1} right)}}{{left( {d + 1} right)d} over 2} = cr
    & = {{left( {d + 1} right)} over {Aleft( {A + 1} right)}}left( {D - d + Aleft( {A - d/2 + 1} right)} right) cr}
    $$

    and
    $$
    eqalign{
    & left{ {{{D - left( {A + 2} right)k} over A}} right} + left{ {{{Aleft( {D - left( {A + 2} right)k} right)} over {A + 1}}} right} = cr
    & = left{ {{{D - 2k} over A}} right} + left{ {{{Aleft( {D - k} right)} over {A + 1}}} right} cr}
    $$



    Finally we obtain
    $$ bbox[lightyellow] {
    eqalign{
    & N_{,1 le A} = {{left( {d + 1} right)} over {Aleft( {A + 1} right)}}left( {D - d + Aleft( {A - d/2 + 1} right)} right) + cr
    & - sumlimits_{k = 0}^d {left{ {{{D - 2k} over A}} right} + left{ {{{Aleft( {D - k} right)} over {A + 1}}} right}} cr}
    } tag{2}$$






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      2 Answers
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      2 Answers
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      First note that $gcd(A, A + 1, A + 2) = 1 $. Since this gcd while divide $D$ this Diophantine equation will always have solutions. So first solve $Au + (A+1)v = gcd(A, A+1) = 1$. Then solve $(1)w + (A+2)s = gcd(1,A+2) = 1$. After finding the integer solutions(values of $u,v,w$ and $s$) using the Extended Euclidean Algorithm we then have
      begin{align}
      w + (A +2)s &= 1\
      (Au + (A+1)v)w + (A+2)s &= 1\
      A(uw) + (A+1)(vw) + (A+2)s &= 1\
      A(Duw) + (A+1)(Dvw) + (A +2)(Ds) &= D
      end{align}
      Thus we have our solutions $x = Duw$, $y = Dvw$ and $z = Ds$.






      share|cite|improve this answer


























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        First note that $gcd(A, A + 1, A + 2) = 1 $. Since this gcd while divide $D$ this Diophantine equation will always have solutions. So first solve $Au + (A+1)v = gcd(A, A+1) = 1$. Then solve $(1)w + (A+2)s = gcd(1,A+2) = 1$. After finding the integer solutions(values of $u,v,w$ and $s$) using the Extended Euclidean Algorithm we then have
        begin{align}
        w + (A +2)s &= 1\
        (Au + (A+1)v)w + (A+2)s &= 1\
        A(uw) + (A+1)(vw) + (A+2)s &= 1\
        A(Duw) + (A+1)(Dvw) + (A +2)(Ds) &= D
        end{align}
        Thus we have our solutions $x = Duw$, $y = Dvw$ and $z = Ds$.






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          0












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          0






          First note that $gcd(A, A + 1, A + 2) = 1 $. Since this gcd while divide $D$ this Diophantine equation will always have solutions. So first solve $Au + (A+1)v = gcd(A, A+1) = 1$. Then solve $(1)w + (A+2)s = gcd(1,A+2) = 1$. After finding the integer solutions(values of $u,v,w$ and $s$) using the Extended Euclidean Algorithm we then have
          begin{align}
          w + (A +2)s &= 1\
          (Au + (A+1)v)w + (A+2)s &= 1\
          A(uw) + (A+1)(vw) + (A+2)s &= 1\
          A(Duw) + (A+1)(Dvw) + (A +2)(Ds) &= D
          end{align}
          Thus we have our solutions $x = Duw$, $y = Dvw$ and $z = Ds$.






          share|cite|improve this answer












          First note that $gcd(A, A + 1, A + 2) = 1 $. Since this gcd while divide $D$ this Diophantine equation will always have solutions. So first solve $Au + (A+1)v = gcd(A, A+1) = 1$. Then solve $(1)w + (A+2)s = gcd(1,A+2) = 1$. After finding the integer solutions(values of $u,v,w$ and $s$) using the Extended Euclidean Algorithm we then have
          begin{align}
          w + (A +2)s &= 1\
          (Au + (A+1)v)w + (A+2)s &= 1\
          A(uw) + (A+1)(vw) + (A+2)s &= 1\
          A(Duw) + (A+1)(Dvw) + (A +2)(Ds) &= D
          end{align}
          Thus we have our solutions $x = Duw$, $y = Dvw$ and $z = Ds$.







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          answered Nov 6 '16 at 8:38









          Jeevan Devaranjan

          2,227516




          2,227516























              0














              So, assuming that $A,, D$ are non negative integers
              $$
              left{ matrix{
              0 le x,y,z,A,D; in mathbb Z hfill cr
              Ax + left( {A + 1} right)y + left( {A + 2} right)z = D hfill cr} right.
              $$

              when $A=0$ we are left with $y+2z=D$ and it is easy to see that the number of solutions is
              $$
              N_{A = 0} = 1 + leftlfloor {{D over 2}} rightrfloor = leftlceil {{{D + 1} over 2}} rightrceil
              $$



              Taking then $1 le A$, we can write
              $$
              left{ matrix{
              0 le x,y,k,A,D hfill cr
              Ax + left( {A + 1} right)y = D - left( {A + 2} right)k hfill cr} right.
              $$

              and since $gcd left( {A,A + 1} right) = 1$ we can apply to the Popoviciu's Theorem which reads
              $$ bbox[lightyellow] {
              eqalign{
              & p_{left{ {a,b} right}} (n) = left| {,left{ matrix{
              0 le x,y,a,b,n in Z hfill cr
              gcd (a,b) = 1 hfill cr
              ax + by = n hfill cr} right.;} right| = cr
              & = {n over {ab}} - left{ {{{b^{,left( { - 1} right)} n} over a}} right} - left{ {{{a^{,left( { - 1} right)} n} over b}} right} + 1 cr}
              } tag{1}$$

              where:
              $left{ x right} $ denotes the fractional part : $left{ x right} = x - leftlfloor x rightrfloor $

              and the exponent in brackets denotes the modular inverse
              $$
              b^{,left( { - 1} right)} b equiv 1;left( {bmod a} right)quad a^{,left( { - 1} right)} a equiv 1;left( {bmod b} right)
              $$



              In this respect we have
              $$
              eqalign{
              & A^{,left( { - 1} right)} A equiv 1;left( {bmod A + 1} right)quad Rightarrow quad A^{,left( { - 1} right)} = A cr
              & left( {A + 1} right)^{,left( { - 1} right)} left( {A + 1} right) equiv 1;left( {bmod A} right)quad Rightarrow
              quad left( {A + 1} right)^{,left( { - 1} right)} = 1 cr}
              $$



              Therefore the Popoviciu's theorem gives
              $$
              N_{,1 le A} = sumlimits_{k = 0}^{leftlfloor {D/left( {A + 2} right)} rightrfloor } {,left( {{{D - left( {A + 2} right)k} over {Aleft( {A + 1} right)}}
              - left{ {{{D - left( {A + 2} right)k} over A}} right} - left{ {{{Aleft( {D - left( {A + 2} right)k} right)} over {A + 1}}} right} + 1} right)}
              $$



              The terms above can be simplified to some extent. Let's put
              $$d=leftlfloor {D/left( {A + 2} right)} rightrfloor $$



              Then
              $$
              eqalign{
              & sumlimits_{k = 0}^d {{{D - left( {A + 2} right)k} over {Aleft( {A + 1} right)}} + 1}
              = {{D + Aleft( {A + 1} right)} over {Aleft( {A + 1} right)}}left( {d + 1} right) - {{left( {A + 2} right)} over {Aleft( {A + 1} right)}}{{left( {d + 1} right)d} over 2} = cr
              & = {{left( {d + 1} right)} over {Aleft( {A + 1} right)}}left( {D - d + Aleft( {A - d/2 + 1} right)} right) cr}
              $$

              and
              $$
              eqalign{
              & left{ {{{D - left( {A + 2} right)k} over A}} right} + left{ {{{Aleft( {D - left( {A + 2} right)k} right)} over {A + 1}}} right} = cr
              & = left{ {{{D - 2k} over A}} right} + left{ {{{Aleft( {D - k} right)} over {A + 1}}} right} cr}
              $$



              Finally we obtain
              $$ bbox[lightyellow] {
              eqalign{
              & N_{,1 le A} = {{left( {d + 1} right)} over {Aleft( {A + 1} right)}}left( {D - d + Aleft( {A - d/2 + 1} right)} right) + cr
              & - sumlimits_{k = 0}^d {left{ {{{D - 2k} over A}} right} + left{ {{{Aleft( {D - k} right)} over {A + 1}}} right}} cr}
              } tag{2}$$






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                0














                So, assuming that $A,, D$ are non negative integers
                $$
                left{ matrix{
                0 le x,y,z,A,D; in mathbb Z hfill cr
                Ax + left( {A + 1} right)y + left( {A + 2} right)z = D hfill cr} right.
                $$

                when $A=0$ we are left with $y+2z=D$ and it is easy to see that the number of solutions is
                $$
                N_{A = 0} = 1 + leftlfloor {{D over 2}} rightrfloor = leftlceil {{{D + 1} over 2}} rightrceil
                $$



                Taking then $1 le A$, we can write
                $$
                left{ matrix{
                0 le x,y,k,A,D hfill cr
                Ax + left( {A + 1} right)y = D - left( {A + 2} right)k hfill cr} right.
                $$

                and since $gcd left( {A,A + 1} right) = 1$ we can apply to the Popoviciu's Theorem which reads
                $$ bbox[lightyellow] {
                eqalign{
                & p_{left{ {a,b} right}} (n) = left| {,left{ matrix{
                0 le x,y,a,b,n in Z hfill cr
                gcd (a,b) = 1 hfill cr
                ax + by = n hfill cr} right.;} right| = cr
                & = {n over {ab}} - left{ {{{b^{,left( { - 1} right)} n} over a}} right} - left{ {{{a^{,left( { - 1} right)} n} over b}} right} + 1 cr}
                } tag{1}$$

                where:
                $left{ x right} $ denotes the fractional part : $left{ x right} = x - leftlfloor x rightrfloor $

                and the exponent in brackets denotes the modular inverse
                $$
                b^{,left( { - 1} right)} b equiv 1;left( {bmod a} right)quad a^{,left( { - 1} right)} a equiv 1;left( {bmod b} right)
                $$



                In this respect we have
                $$
                eqalign{
                & A^{,left( { - 1} right)} A equiv 1;left( {bmod A + 1} right)quad Rightarrow quad A^{,left( { - 1} right)} = A cr
                & left( {A + 1} right)^{,left( { - 1} right)} left( {A + 1} right) equiv 1;left( {bmod A} right)quad Rightarrow
                quad left( {A + 1} right)^{,left( { - 1} right)} = 1 cr}
                $$



                Therefore the Popoviciu's theorem gives
                $$
                N_{,1 le A} = sumlimits_{k = 0}^{leftlfloor {D/left( {A + 2} right)} rightrfloor } {,left( {{{D - left( {A + 2} right)k} over {Aleft( {A + 1} right)}}
                - left{ {{{D - left( {A + 2} right)k} over A}} right} - left{ {{{Aleft( {D - left( {A + 2} right)k} right)} over {A + 1}}} right} + 1} right)}
                $$



                The terms above can be simplified to some extent. Let's put
                $$d=leftlfloor {D/left( {A + 2} right)} rightrfloor $$



                Then
                $$
                eqalign{
                & sumlimits_{k = 0}^d {{{D - left( {A + 2} right)k} over {Aleft( {A + 1} right)}} + 1}
                = {{D + Aleft( {A + 1} right)} over {Aleft( {A + 1} right)}}left( {d + 1} right) - {{left( {A + 2} right)} over {Aleft( {A + 1} right)}}{{left( {d + 1} right)d} over 2} = cr
                & = {{left( {d + 1} right)} over {Aleft( {A + 1} right)}}left( {D - d + Aleft( {A - d/2 + 1} right)} right) cr}
                $$

                and
                $$
                eqalign{
                & left{ {{{D - left( {A + 2} right)k} over A}} right} + left{ {{{Aleft( {D - left( {A + 2} right)k} right)} over {A + 1}}} right} = cr
                & = left{ {{{D - 2k} over A}} right} + left{ {{{Aleft( {D - k} right)} over {A + 1}}} right} cr}
                $$



                Finally we obtain
                $$ bbox[lightyellow] {
                eqalign{
                & N_{,1 le A} = {{left( {d + 1} right)} over {Aleft( {A + 1} right)}}left( {D - d + Aleft( {A - d/2 + 1} right)} right) + cr
                & - sumlimits_{k = 0}^d {left{ {{{D - 2k} over A}} right} + left{ {{{Aleft( {D - k} right)} over {A + 1}}} right}} cr}
                } tag{2}$$






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                  0












                  0








                  0






                  So, assuming that $A,, D$ are non negative integers
                  $$
                  left{ matrix{
                  0 le x,y,z,A,D; in mathbb Z hfill cr
                  Ax + left( {A + 1} right)y + left( {A + 2} right)z = D hfill cr} right.
                  $$

                  when $A=0$ we are left with $y+2z=D$ and it is easy to see that the number of solutions is
                  $$
                  N_{A = 0} = 1 + leftlfloor {{D over 2}} rightrfloor = leftlceil {{{D + 1} over 2}} rightrceil
                  $$



                  Taking then $1 le A$, we can write
                  $$
                  left{ matrix{
                  0 le x,y,k,A,D hfill cr
                  Ax + left( {A + 1} right)y = D - left( {A + 2} right)k hfill cr} right.
                  $$

                  and since $gcd left( {A,A + 1} right) = 1$ we can apply to the Popoviciu's Theorem which reads
                  $$ bbox[lightyellow] {
                  eqalign{
                  & p_{left{ {a,b} right}} (n) = left| {,left{ matrix{
                  0 le x,y,a,b,n in Z hfill cr
                  gcd (a,b) = 1 hfill cr
                  ax + by = n hfill cr} right.;} right| = cr
                  & = {n over {ab}} - left{ {{{b^{,left( { - 1} right)} n} over a}} right} - left{ {{{a^{,left( { - 1} right)} n} over b}} right} + 1 cr}
                  } tag{1}$$

                  where:
                  $left{ x right} $ denotes the fractional part : $left{ x right} = x - leftlfloor x rightrfloor $

                  and the exponent in brackets denotes the modular inverse
                  $$
                  b^{,left( { - 1} right)} b equiv 1;left( {bmod a} right)quad a^{,left( { - 1} right)} a equiv 1;left( {bmod b} right)
                  $$



                  In this respect we have
                  $$
                  eqalign{
                  & A^{,left( { - 1} right)} A equiv 1;left( {bmod A + 1} right)quad Rightarrow quad A^{,left( { - 1} right)} = A cr
                  & left( {A + 1} right)^{,left( { - 1} right)} left( {A + 1} right) equiv 1;left( {bmod A} right)quad Rightarrow
                  quad left( {A + 1} right)^{,left( { - 1} right)} = 1 cr}
                  $$



                  Therefore the Popoviciu's theorem gives
                  $$
                  N_{,1 le A} = sumlimits_{k = 0}^{leftlfloor {D/left( {A + 2} right)} rightrfloor } {,left( {{{D - left( {A + 2} right)k} over {Aleft( {A + 1} right)}}
                  - left{ {{{D - left( {A + 2} right)k} over A}} right} - left{ {{{Aleft( {D - left( {A + 2} right)k} right)} over {A + 1}}} right} + 1} right)}
                  $$



                  The terms above can be simplified to some extent. Let's put
                  $$d=leftlfloor {D/left( {A + 2} right)} rightrfloor $$



                  Then
                  $$
                  eqalign{
                  & sumlimits_{k = 0}^d {{{D - left( {A + 2} right)k} over {Aleft( {A + 1} right)}} + 1}
                  = {{D + Aleft( {A + 1} right)} over {Aleft( {A + 1} right)}}left( {d + 1} right) - {{left( {A + 2} right)} over {Aleft( {A + 1} right)}}{{left( {d + 1} right)d} over 2} = cr
                  & = {{left( {d + 1} right)} over {Aleft( {A + 1} right)}}left( {D - d + Aleft( {A - d/2 + 1} right)} right) cr}
                  $$

                  and
                  $$
                  eqalign{
                  & left{ {{{D - left( {A + 2} right)k} over A}} right} + left{ {{{Aleft( {D - left( {A + 2} right)k} right)} over {A + 1}}} right} = cr
                  & = left{ {{{D - 2k} over A}} right} + left{ {{{Aleft( {D - k} right)} over {A + 1}}} right} cr}
                  $$



                  Finally we obtain
                  $$ bbox[lightyellow] {
                  eqalign{
                  & N_{,1 le A} = {{left( {d + 1} right)} over {Aleft( {A + 1} right)}}left( {D - d + Aleft( {A - d/2 + 1} right)} right) + cr
                  & - sumlimits_{k = 0}^d {left{ {{{D - 2k} over A}} right} + left{ {{{Aleft( {D - k} right)} over {A + 1}}} right}} cr}
                  } tag{2}$$






                  share|cite|improve this answer












                  So, assuming that $A,, D$ are non negative integers
                  $$
                  left{ matrix{
                  0 le x,y,z,A,D; in mathbb Z hfill cr
                  Ax + left( {A + 1} right)y + left( {A + 2} right)z = D hfill cr} right.
                  $$

                  when $A=0$ we are left with $y+2z=D$ and it is easy to see that the number of solutions is
                  $$
                  N_{A = 0} = 1 + leftlfloor {{D over 2}} rightrfloor = leftlceil {{{D + 1} over 2}} rightrceil
                  $$



                  Taking then $1 le A$, we can write
                  $$
                  left{ matrix{
                  0 le x,y,k,A,D hfill cr
                  Ax + left( {A + 1} right)y = D - left( {A + 2} right)k hfill cr} right.
                  $$

                  and since $gcd left( {A,A + 1} right) = 1$ we can apply to the Popoviciu's Theorem which reads
                  $$ bbox[lightyellow] {
                  eqalign{
                  & p_{left{ {a,b} right}} (n) = left| {,left{ matrix{
                  0 le x,y,a,b,n in Z hfill cr
                  gcd (a,b) = 1 hfill cr
                  ax + by = n hfill cr} right.;} right| = cr
                  & = {n over {ab}} - left{ {{{b^{,left( { - 1} right)} n} over a}} right} - left{ {{{a^{,left( { - 1} right)} n} over b}} right} + 1 cr}
                  } tag{1}$$

                  where:
                  $left{ x right} $ denotes the fractional part : $left{ x right} = x - leftlfloor x rightrfloor $

                  and the exponent in brackets denotes the modular inverse
                  $$
                  b^{,left( { - 1} right)} b equiv 1;left( {bmod a} right)quad a^{,left( { - 1} right)} a equiv 1;left( {bmod b} right)
                  $$



                  In this respect we have
                  $$
                  eqalign{
                  & A^{,left( { - 1} right)} A equiv 1;left( {bmod A + 1} right)quad Rightarrow quad A^{,left( { - 1} right)} = A cr
                  & left( {A + 1} right)^{,left( { - 1} right)} left( {A + 1} right) equiv 1;left( {bmod A} right)quad Rightarrow
                  quad left( {A + 1} right)^{,left( { - 1} right)} = 1 cr}
                  $$



                  Therefore the Popoviciu's theorem gives
                  $$
                  N_{,1 le A} = sumlimits_{k = 0}^{leftlfloor {D/left( {A + 2} right)} rightrfloor } {,left( {{{D - left( {A + 2} right)k} over {Aleft( {A + 1} right)}}
                  - left{ {{{D - left( {A + 2} right)k} over A}} right} - left{ {{{Aleft( {D - left( {A + 2} right)k} right)} over {A + 1}}} right} + 1} right)}
                  $$



                  The terms above can be simplified to some extent. Let's put
                  $$d=leftlfloor {D/left( {A + 2} right)} rightrfloor $$



                  Then
                  $$
                  eqalign{
                  & sumlimits_{k = 0}^d {{{D - left( {A + 2} right)k} over {Aleft( {A + 1} right)}} + 1}
                  = {{D + Aleft( {A + 1} right)} over {Aleft( {A + 1} right)}}left( {d + 1} right) - {{left( {A + 2} right)} over {Aleft( {A + 1} right)}}{{left( {d + 1} right)d} over 2} = cr
                  & = {{left( {d + 1} right)} over {Aleft( {A + 1} right)}}left( {D - d + Aleft( {A - d/2 + 1} right)} right) cr}
                  $$

                  and
                  $$
                  eqalign{
                  & left{ {{{D - left( {A + 2} right)k} over A}} right} + left{ {{{Aleft( {D - left( {A + 2} right)k} right)} over {A + 1}}} right} = cr
                  & = left{ {{{D - 2k} over A}} right} + left{ {{{Aleft( {D - k} right)} over {A + 1}}} right} cr}
                  $$



                  Finally we obtain
                  $$ bbox[lightyellow] {
                  eqalign{
                  & N_{,1 le A} = {{left( {d + 1} right)} over {Aleft( {A + 1} right)}}left( {D - d + Aleft( {A - d/2 + 1} right)} right) + cr
                  & - sumlimits_{k = 0}^d {left{ {{{D - 2k} over A}} right} + left{ {{{Aleft( {D - k} right)} over {A + 1}}} right}} cr}
                  } tag{2}$$







                  share|cite|improve this answer












                  share|cite|improve this answer



                  share|cite|improve this answer










                  answered Oct 26 '18 at 22:00









                  G Cab

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