Simplify the following multiple summations












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Could we solve the multiple summations



$N = sumlimits_{{j_1} = 1}^{K - left( {q - 1} right)z} {sumlimits_{{j_2} = {j_1} + z}^{K - left( {q - 2} right)z} { cdots sumlimits_{{j_k} = {j_{k - 1}} + z}^{K - left( {q - k} right)z} cdots sumlimits_{{j_{q - 1}} = {j_{q - 2}} + z}^{K - z} {left( {K - z + 1 - {j_{q - 1}}} right)} } }$,



where $K,z,q$ are positive integers.










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    $begingroup$
    Why not evaluate for some small values of the parameters, and look for patterns?
    $endgroup$
    – Gerry Myerson
    Jan 11 at 14:56
















1












$begingroup$


Could we solve the multiple summations



$N = sumlimits_{{j_1} = 1}^{K - left( {q - 1} right)z} {sumlimits_{{j_2} = {j_1} + z}^{K - left( {q - 2} right)z} { cdots sumlimits_{{j_k} = {j_{k - 1}} + z}^{K - left( {q - k} right)z} cdots sumlimits_{{j_{q - 1}} = {j_{q - 2}} + z}^{K - z} {left( {K - z + 1 - {j_{q - 1}}} right)} } }$,



where $K,z,q$ are positive integers.










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  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Why not evaluate for some small values of the parameters, and look for patterns?
    $endgroup$
    – Gerry Myerson
    Jan 11 at 14:56














1












1








1


0



$begingroup$


Could we solve the multiple summations



$N = sumlimits_{{j_1} = 1}^{K - left( {q - 1} right)z} {sumlimits_{{j_2} = {j_1} + z}^{K - left( {q - 2} right)z} { cdots sumlimits_{{j_k} = {j_{k - 1}} + z}^{K - left( {q - k} right)z} cdots sumlimits_{{j_{q - 1}} = {j_{q - 2}} + z}^{K - z} {left( {K - z + 1 - {j_{q - 1}}} right)} } }$,



where $K,z,q$ are positive integers.










share|cite|improve this question









$endgroup$




Could we solve the multiple summations



$N = sumlimits_{{j_1} = 1}^{K - left( {q - 1} right)z} {sumlimits_{{j_2} = {j_1} + z}^{K - left( {q - 2} right)z} { cdots sumlimits_{{j_k} = {j_{k - 1}} + z}^{K - left( {q - k} right)z} cdots sumlimits_{{j_{q - 1}} = {j_{q - 2}} + z}^{K - z} {left( {K - z + 1 - {j_{q - 1}}} right)} } }$,



where $K,z,q$ are positive integers.







summation






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asked Jan 11 at 14:32









Hui ZhaoHui Zhao

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224








  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Why not evaluate for some small values of the parameters, and look for patterns?
    $endgroup$
    – Gerry Myerson
    Jan 11 at 14:56














  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Why not evaluate for some small values of the parameters, and look for patterns?
    $endgroup$
    – Gerry Myerson
    Jan 11 at 14:56








1




1




$begingroup$
Why not evaluate for some small values of the parameters, and look for patterns?
$endgroup$
– Gerry Myerson
Jan 11 at 14:56




$begingroup$
Why not evaluate for some small values of the parameters, and look for patterns?
$endgroup$
– Gerry Myerson
Jan 11 at 14:56










1 Answer
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We can simplify the multiple sum as follows
begin{align*}
&color{blue}{sum_{j_1=1}^{K-(q-1)z},sum_{j_2=j_1+z}^{K-(q-2)z},sum_{j_3=j_2+z}^{K-(q-3)z}
cdotssum_{j_{q-2}=j_{q-3}+z}^{K-2z},sum_{j_{q-1}=j_{q-2}+z}^{K-z}left(K-z+1-j_{q-1}right)}\
&quad=sum_{j_1=1}^{K-(q-1)z},sum_{color{blue}{j_2=j_1}}^{color{blue}{K-(q-1)z}},sum_{color{blue}{j_3=j_2+2z}}^{K-(q-3)z}
cdotssum_{j_{q-2}=j_{q-3}+z}^{K-2z},sum_{j_{q-1}=j_{q-2}+z}^{K-z}left(K-z+1-j_{q-1}right)tag{1}\
&quad ,vdotstag{2}\
&quad=sum_{j_1=1}^{K-(q-1)z},sum_{j_2=j_1}^{K-(q-1)z},sum_{j_3=j_2}^{K-(q-1)z}
cdotssum_{color{blue}{j_{q-2}=j_{q-3}}}^{color{blue}{K-(q-1)z}},sum_{color{blue}{j_{q-1}=j_{q-2}+(q-2)z}}^{K-z}left(K-z+1-j_{q-1}right)tag{3}\
&quad=sum_{j_1=1}^{K-(q-1)z},sum_{j_2=j_1}^{K-(q-1)z}
cdotssum_{j_{q-2}=j_{q-3}}^{K-(q-1)z},sum_{color{blue}{j_{q-1}=j_{q-2}}}^{color{blue}{K-(q-1)z}}left(Kcolor{blue}{-(q-1)z}+1-j_{q-1}right)tag{4}\
&quad=sum_{1leq j_1leqcdotsleq j_{q-1}leq K-(q-1)z}left(K-(q-1)z+1-j_{q-1}right)tag{5}\
&quad=left(K-(q-1)z+1right)sum_{1leq j_1leqcdotsleq j_{q-1}leq K-(q-1)z}1
-sum_{1leq j_1leqcdotsleq j_{q-1}leq K-(q-1)z}j_{q-1}tag{6}\
&quad=left(K-(q-1)z+1right)binom{K-(q-1)z+q-2)}{q-1}
-sum_{j_{q-1}=1}^{K-(q-1)z}j_{q-1}sum_{1leq j_1leqcdotsleq j_{q-2}leq j_{q-1}}1tag{7}\
&quadcolor{blue}{=left(K-(q-1)z+1right)binom{K-(q-1)z+q-2)}{q-1}
-sum_{j_{q-1}=1}^{K-(q-1)z}j_{q-1}binom{j_{q-1}+q-3}{q-2}}tag{8}\
end{align*}




Comment:




  • In (1) we shift the index $j_2$ by $z$ to start with $j_2=1$.


  • In (2) we successively shift $j_3$ by $2z$, $j_4$ by $3z$ up to $j_{q-3}$ by $(q-2)z$ in order start from $j_k=j_{k-1}$ with upper limits $K-(q-1)z$.


  • In (3) we shift the index $j_{q-2}$ by $(q-3)z$ to start with $j_{q-2}=j_{q-3}$.


  • In (4) we finally shift the index $j_{q-1}$ by $(q-2)$ to start with $j_{q-1}=j_{q-2}$ and to complete the first step of simplification.


  • In (5) we write the index region more conveniently.


  • In (6) we split the sum and factor out the constant $K-(q-1)z+1$ from the left-hand sum.


  • In (7) we observe the left-hand sum is the number of ordered $q-1$-tuples with repetition from a set with $K-(q-1)z$ elements following the formula
    begin{align*}
    sum_{1leq j_1leqcdotsleq j_nleq K}1=binom{n+K-1}{n}tag{9}
    end{align*}

    We rearrange the right-hand sum in (6) by summing up at first over $j_{q-1}$ so that we can factor out $j_{q-1}$ leaving a multiple sum with a structure analogously to the left-hand sum in (6).


  • In (8) we finally apply (9) again.







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    $begingroup$


    We can simplify the multiple sum as follows
    begin{align*}
    &color{blue}{sum_{j_1=1}^{K-(q-1)z},sum_{j_2=j_1+z}^{K-(q-2)z},sum_{j_3=j_2+z}^{K-(q-3)z}
    cdotssum_{j_{q-2}=j_{q-3}+z}^{K-2z},sum_{j_{q-1}=j_{q-2}+z}^{K-z}left(K-z+1-j_{q-1}right)}\
    &quad=sum_{j_1=1}^{K-(q-1)z},sum_{color{blue}{j_2=j_1}}^{color{blue}{K-(q-1)z}},sum_{color{blue}{j_3=j_2+2z}}^{K-(q-3)z}
    cdotssum_{j_{q-2}=j_{q-3}+z}^{K-2z},sum_{j_{q-1}=j_{q-2}+z}^{K-z}left(K-z+1-j_{q-1}right)tag{1}\
    &quad ,vdotstag{2}\
    &quad=sum_{j_1=1}^{K-(q-1)z},sum_{j_2=j_1}^{K-(q-1)z},sum_{j_3=j_2}^{K-(q-1)z}
    cdotssum_{color{blue}{j_{q-2}=j_{q-3}}}^{color{blue}{K-(q-1)z}},sum_{color{blue}{j_{q-1}=j_{q-2}+(q-2)z}}^{K-z}left(K-z+1-j_{q-1}right)tag{3}\
    &quad=sum_{j_1=1}^{K-(q-1)z},sum_{j_2=j_1}^{K-(q-1)z}
    cdotssum_{j_{q-2}=j_{q-3}}^{K-(q-1)z},sum_{color{blue}{j_{q-1}=j_{q-2}}}^{color{blue}{K-(q-1)z}}left(Kcolor{blue}{-(q-1)z}+1-j_{q-1}right)tag{4}\
    &quad=sum_{1leq j_1leqcdotsleq j_{q-1}leq K-(q-1)z}left(K-(q-1)z+1-j_{q-1}right)tag{5}\
    &quad=left(K-(q-1)z+1right)sum_{1leq j_1leqcdotsleq j_{q-1}leq K-(q-1)z}1
    -sum_{1leq j_1leqcdotsleq j_{q-1}leq K-(q-1)z}j_{q-1}tag{6}\
    &quad=left(K-(q-1)z+1right)binom{K-(q-1)z+q-2)}{q-1}
    -sum_{j_{q-1}=1}^{K-(q-1)z}j_{q-1}sum_{1leq j_1leqcdotsleq j_{q-2}leq j_{q-1}}1tag{7}\
    &quadcolor{blue}{=left(K-(q-1)z+1right)binom{K-(q-1)z+q-2)}{q-1}
    -sum_{j_{q-1}=1}^{K-(q-1)z}j_{q-1}binom{j_{q-1}+q-3}{q-2}}tag{8}\
    end{align*}




    Comment:




    • In (1) we shift the index $j_2$ by $z$ to start with $j_2=1$.


    • In (2) we successively shift $j_3$ by $2z$, $j_4$ by $3z$ up to $j_{q-3}$ by $(q-2)z$ in order start from $j_k=j_{k-1}$ with upper limits $K-(q-1)z$.


    • In (3) we shift the index $j_{q-2}$ by $(q-3)z$ to start with $j_{q-2}=j_{q-3}$.


    • In (4) we finally shift the index $j_{q-1}$ by $(q-2)$ to start with $j_{q-1}=j_{q-2}$ and to complete the first step of simplification.


    • In (5) we write the index region more conveniently.


    • In (6) we split the sum and factor out the constant $K-(q-1)z+1$ from the left-hand sum.


    • In (7) we observe the left-hand sum is the number of ordered $q-1$-tuples with repetition from a set with $K-(q-1)z$ elements following the formula
      begin{align*}
      sum_{1leq j_1leqcdotsleq j_nleq K}1=binom{n+K-1}{n}tag{9}
      end{align*}

      We rearrange the right-hand sum in (6) by summing up at first over $j_{q-1}$ so that we can factor out $j_{q-1}$ leaving a multiple sum with a structure analogously to the left-hand sum in (6).


    • In (8) we finally apply (9) again.







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    $endgroup$


















      0












      $begingroup$


      We can simplify the multiple sum as follows
      begin{align*}
      &color{blue}{sum_{j_1=1}^{K-(q-1)z},sum_{j_2=j_1+z}^{K-(q-2)z},sum_{j_3=j_2+z}^{K-(q-3)z}
      cdotssum_{j_{q-2}=j_{q-3}+z}^{K-2z},sum_{j_{q-1}=j_{q-2}+z}^{K-z}left(K-z+1-j_{q-1}right)}\
      &quad=sum_{j_1=1}^{K-(q-1)z},sum_{color{blue}{j_2=j_1}}^{color{blue}{K-(q-1)z}},sum_{color{blue}{j_3=j_2+2z}}^{K-(q-3)z}
      cdotssum_{j_{q-2}=j_{q-3}+z}^{K-2z},sum_{j_{q-1}=j_{q-2}+z}^{K-z}left(K-z+1-j_{q-1}right)tag{1}\
      &quad ,vdotstag{2}\
      &quad=sum_{j_1=1}^{K-(q-1)z},sum_{j_2=j_1}^{K-(q-1)z},sum_{j_3=j_2}^{K-(q-1)z}
      cdotssum_{color{blue}{j_{q-2}=j_{q-3}}}^{color{blue}{K-(q-1)z}},sum_{color{blue}{j_{q-1}=j_{q-2}+(q-2)z}}^{K-z}left(K-z+1-j_{q-1}right)tag{3}\
      &quad=sum_{j_1=1}^{K-(q-1)z},sum_{j_2=j_1}^{K-(q-1)z}
      cdotssum_{j_{q-2}=j_{q-3}}^{K-(q-1)z},sum_{color{blue}{j_{q-1}=j_{q-2}}}^{color{blue}{K-(q-1)z}}left(Kcolor{blue}{-(q-1)z}+1-j_{q-1}right)tag{4}\
      &quad=sum_{1leq j_1leqcdotsleq j_{q-1}leq K-(q-1)z}left(K-(q-1)z+1-j_{q-1}right)tag{5}\
      &quad=left(K-(q-1)z+1right)sum_{1leq j_1leqcdotsleq j_{q-1}leq K-(q-1)z}1
      -sum_{1leq j_1leqcdotsleq j_{q-1}leq K-(q-1)z}j_{q-1}tag{6}\
      &quad=left(K-(q-1)z+1right)binom{K-(q-1)z+q-2)}{q-1}
      -sum_{j_{q-1}=1}^{K-(q-1)z}j_{q-1}sum_{1leq j_1leqcdotsleq j_{q-2}leq j_{q-1}}1tag{7}\
      &quadcolor{blue}{=left(K-(q-1)z+1right)binom{K-(q-1)z+q-2)}{q-1}
      -sum_{j_{q-1}=1}^{K-(q-1)z}j_{q-1}binom{j_{q-1}+q-3}{q-2}}tag{8}\
      end{align*}




      Comment:




      • In (1) we shift the index $j_2$ by $z$ to start with $j_2=1$.


      • In (2) we successively shift $j_3$ by $2z$, $j_4$ by $3z$ up to $j_{q-3}$ by $(q-2)z$ in order start from $j_k=j_{k-1}$ with upper limits $K-(q-1)z$.


      • In (3) we shift the index $j_{q-2}$ by $(q-3)z$ to start with $j_{q-2}=j_{q-3}$.


      • In (4) we finally shift the index $j_{q-1}$ by $(q-2)$ to start with $j_{q-1}=j_{q-2}$ and to complete the first step of simplification.


      • In (5) we write the index region more conveniently.


      • In (6) we split the sum and factor out the constant $K-(q-1)z+1$ from the left-hand sum.


      • In (7) we observe the left-hand sum is the number of ordered $q-1$-tuples with repetition from a set with $K-(q-1)z$ elements following the formula
        begin{align*}
        sum_{1leq j_1leqcdotsleq j_nleq K}1=binom{n+K-1}{n}tag{9}
        end{align*}

        We rearrange the right-hand sum in (6) by summing up at first over $j_{q-1}$ so that we can factor out $j_{q-1}$ leaving a multiple sum with a structure analogously to the left-hand sum in (6).


      • In (8) we finally apply (9) again.







      share|cite|improve this answer











      $endgroup$
















        0












        0








        0





        $begingroup$


        We can simplify the multiple sum as follows
        begin{align*}
        &color{blue}{sum_{j_1=1}^{K-(q-1)z},sum_{j_2=j_1+z}^{K-(q-2)z},sum_{j_3=j_2+z}^{K-(q-3)z}
        cdotssum_{j_{q-2}=j_{q-3}+z}^{K-2z},sum_{j_{q-1}=j_{q-2}+z}^{K-z}left(K-z+1-j_{q-1}right)}\
        &quad=sum_{j_1=1}^{K-(q-1)z},sum_{color{blue}{j_2=j_1}}^{color{blue}{K-(q-1)z}},sum_{color{blue}{j_3=j_2+2z}}^{K-(q-3)z}
        cdotssum_{j_{q-2}=j_{q-3}+z}^{K-2z},sum_{j_{q-1}=j_{q-2}+z}^{K-z}left(K-z+1-j_{q-1}right)tag{1}\
        &quad ,vdotstag{2}\
        &quad=sum_{j_1=1}^{K-(q-1)z},sum_{j_2=j_1}^{K-(q-1)z},sum_{j_3=j_2}^{K-(q-1)z}
        cdotssum_{color{blue}{j_{q-2}=j_{q-3}}}^{color{blue}{K-(q-1)z}},sum_{color{blue}{j_{q-1}=j_{q-2}+(q-2)z}}^{K-z}left(K-z+1-j_{q-1}right)tag{3}\
        &quad=sum_{j_1=1}^{K-(q-1)z},sum_{j_2=j_1}^{K-(q-1)z}
        cdotssum_{j_{q-2}=j_{q-3}}^{K-(q-1)z},sum_{color{blue}{j_{q-1}=j_{q-2}}}^{color{blue}{K-(q-1)z}}left(Kcolor{blue}{-(q-1)z}+1-j_{q-1}right)tag{4}\
        &quad=sum_{1leq j_1leqcdotsleq j_{q-1}leq K-(q-1)z}left(K-(q-1)z+1-j_{q-1}right)tag{5}\
        &quad=left(K-(q-1)z+1right)sum_{1leq j_1leqcdotsleq j_{q-1}leq K-(q-1)z}1
        -sum_{1leq j_1leqcdotsleq j_{q-1}leq K-(q-1)z}j_{q-1}tag{6}\
        &quad=left(K-(q-1)z+1right)binom{K-(q-1)z+q-2)}{q-1}
        -sum_{j_{q-1}=1}^{K-(q-1)z}j_{q-1}sum_{1leq j_1leqcdotsleq j_{q-2}leq j_{q-1}}1tag{7}\
        &quadcolor{blue}{=left(K-(q-1)z+1right)binom{K-(q-1)z+q-2)}{q-1}
        -sum_{j_{q-1}=1}^{K-(q-1)z}j_{q-1}binom{j_{q-1}+q-3}{q-2}}tag{8}\
        end{align*}




        Comment:




        • In (1) we shift the index $j_2$ by $z$ to start with $j_2=1$.


        • In (2) we successively shift $j_3$ by $2z$, $j_4$ by $3z$ up to $j_{q-3}$ by $(q-2)z$ in order start from $j_k=j_{k-1}$ with upper limits $K-(q-1)z$.


        • In (3) we shift the index $j_{q-2}$ by $(q-3)z$ to start with $j_{q-2}=j_{q-3}$.


        • In (4) we finally shift the index $j_{q-1}$ by $(q-2)$ to start with $j_{q-1}=j_{q-2}$ and to complete the first step of simplification.


        • In (5) we write the index region more conveniently.


        • In (6) we split the sum and factor out the constant $K-(q-1)z+1$ from the left-hand sum.


        • In (7) we observe the left-hand sum is the number of ordered $q-1$-tuples with repetition from a set with $K-(q-1)z$ elements following the formula
          begin{align*}
          sum_{1leq j_1leqcdotsleq j_nleq K}1=binom{n+K-1}{n}tag{9}
          end{align*}

          We rearrange the right-hand sum in (6) by summing up at first over $j_{q-1}$ so that we can factor out $j_{q-1}$ leaving a multiple sum with a structure analogously to the left-hand sum in (6).


        • In (8) we finally apply (9) again.







        share|cite|improve this answer











        $endgroup$




        We can simplify the multiple sum as follows
        begin{align*}
        &color{blue}{sum_{j_1=1}^{K-(q-1)z},sum_{j_2=j_1+z}^{K-(q-2)z},sum_{j_3=j_2+z}^{K-(q-3)z}
        cdotssum_{j_{q-2}=j_{q-3}+z}^{K-2z},sum_{j_{q-1}=j_{q-2}+z}^{K-z}left(K-z+1-j_{q-1}right)}\
        &quad=sum_{j_1=1}^{K-(q-1)z},sum_{color{blue}{j_2=j_1}}^{color{blue}{K-(q-1)z}},sum_{color{blue}{j_3=j_2+2z}}^{K-(q-3)z}
        cdotssum_{j_{q-2}=j_{q-3}+z}^{K-2z},sum_{j_{q-1}=j_{q-2}+z}^{K-z}left(K-z+1-j_{q-1}right)tag{1}\
        &quad ,vdotstag{2}\
        &quad=sum_{j_1=1}^{K-(q-1)z},sum_{j_2=j_1}^{K-(q-1)z},sum_{j_3=j_2}^{K-(q-1)z}
        cdotssum_{color{blue}{j_{q-2}=j_{q-3}}}^{color{blue}{K-(q-1)z}},sum_{color{blue}{j_{q-1}=j_{q-2}+(q-2)z}}^{K-z}left(K-z+1-j_{q-1}right)tag{3}\
        &quad=sum_{j_1=1}^{K-(q-1)z},sum_{j_2=j_1}^{K-(q-1)z}
        cdotssum_{j_{q-2}=j_{q-3}}^{K-(q-1)z},sum_{color{blue}{j_{q-1}=j_{q-2}}}^{color{blue}{K-(q-1)z}}left(Kcolor{blue}{-(q-1)z}+1-j_{q-1}right)tag{4}\
        &quad=sum_{1leq j_1leqcdotsleq j_{q-1}leq K-(q-1)z}left(K-(q-1)z+1-j_{q-1}right)tag{5}\
        &quad=left(K-(q-1)z+1right)sum_{1leq j_1leqcdotsleq j_{q-1}leq K-(q-1)z}1
        -sum_{1leq j_1leqcdotsleq j_{q-1}leq K-(q-1)z}j_{q-1}tag{6}\
        &quad=left(K-(q-1)z+1right)binom{K-(q-1)z+q-2)}{q-1}
        -sum_{j_{q-1}=1}^{K-(q-1)z}j_{q-1}sum_{1leq j_1leqcdotsleq j_{q-2}leq j_{q-1}}1tag{7}\
        &quadcolor{blue}{=left(K-(q-1)z+1right)binom{K-(q-1)z+q-2)}{q-1}
        -sum_{j_{q-1}=1}^{K-(q-1)z}j_{q-1}binom{j_{q-1}+q-3}{q-2}}tag{8}\
        end{align*}




        Comment:




        • In (1) we shift the index $j_2$ by $z$ to start with $j_2=1$.


        • In (2) we successively shift $j_3$ by $2z$, $j_4$ by $3z$ up to $j_{q-3}$ by $(q-2)z$ in order start from $j_k=j_{k-1}$ with upper limits $K-(q-1)z$.


        • In (3) we shift the index $j_{q-2}$ by $(q-3)z$ to start with $j_{q-2}=j_{q-3}$.


        • In (4) we finally shift the index $j_{q-1}$ by $(q-2)$ to start with $j_{q-1}=j_{q-2}$ and to complete the first step of simplification.


        • In (5) we write the index region more conveniently.


        • In (6) we split the sum and factor out the constant $K-(q-1)z+1$ from the left-hand sum.


        • In (7) we observe the left-hand sum is the number of ordered $q-1$-tuples with repetition from a set with $K-(q-1)z$ elements following the formula
          begin{align*}
          sum_{1leq j_1leqcdotsleq j_nleq K}1=binom{n+K-1}{n}tag{9}
          end{align*}

          We rearrange the right-hand sum in (6) by summing up at first over $j_{q-1}$ so that we can factor out $j_{q-1}$ leaving a multiple sum with a structure analogously to the left-hand sum in (6).


        • In (8) we finally apply (9) again.








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        edited Jan 12 at 10:51

























        answered Jan 12 at 10:44









        Markus ScheuerMarkus Scheuer

        60.8k456145




        60.8k456145






























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