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How can I convert a given decimal into the respective percentage value with a certain amount of positions q after the comma? The percentage should be rounded with respect to q+1.

For example, I am looking for something like

percentage[position after the comma]{given decimal}

that produces:

percentage[positions-after-comma = 2]{0.12123456}: 12.12% 

percentage[positions-after-comma = 4]{0.12123456}: 12.1235%

percentage[positions-after-comma = 4]{2.12123456}: 212.1235%

percentage[positions-after-comma = 1]{0.6789}: 67.9%

percentage[positions-after-comma = 5]{0.6789}: 67.89000%

You can use the siunitx package:

documentclass{article}



usepackage{siunitx}



newcommandpercentage[2][round-precision = 2]{% default precision: 2

    SI[round-mode = places,

        scientific-notation = fixed, fixed-exponent = 0,

        output-decimal-marker={.}, #1]{#2e2}{percent}%

}



begin{document}



    percentage{0.123456} % -> 12.35 %

    percentage[round-precision = 3]{0.123456} % -> 12.345 %



end{document}

Your values looks wrong. But beside this:

documentclass{article}

usepackage{xfp,xparse}

ExplSyntaxOn

int_new:Nl_bjprim_round_int

keys_define:nn {bjprim}

{

 positions-after-comma .int_set:N = l_bjprim_round_int

}



NewDocumentCommandpercentage { O{} m }

{

 keys_set:nn {bjprim}{positions-after-comma=2,#1}

 fpeval{round(#2*100,l_bjprim_round_int)}%

}

ExplSyntaxOff

begin{document}





percentage[positions-after-comma = 2]{0.123456}: 12.12%



percentage[positions-after-comma = 4]{0.123456}: 12.1235%



percentage[positions-after-comma = 4]{2.123456}: 212.1235%



percentage[positions-after-comma = 1]{0.6789}: 67.9%



percentage[positions-after-comma = 5]{0.6789}: 67.89000%



end{document}

If you really want to fill up with zeros you could round with siunitx:

documentclass{article}

usepackage{xfp,xparse,siunitx}

ExplSyntaxOn

int_new:Nl_bjprim_round_int

keys_define:nn {bjprim}

{

 positions-after-comma .int_set:N = l_bjprim_round_int

}



NewDocumentCommandpercentage { O{} m }

{

 keys_set:nn {bjprim}{positions-after-comma=2,#1}

 num[round-mode = places,round-precision=l_bjprim_round_int]{fpeval{#2*100}}%

}

ExplSyntaxOff

begin{document}





percentage[positions-after-comma = 2]{0.123456}: 12.12%



percentage[positions-after-comma = 4]{0.123456}: 12.1235%



percentage[positions-after-comma = 4]{2.123456}: 212.1235%



percentage[positions-after-comma = 1]{0.6789}: 67.9%



percentage[positions-after-comma = 5]{0.6789}: 67.89000%



end{document}