Compute $int_1^{infty} frac{1}{x^alpha + x^beta}dx$












2














Given that $alpha,betainmathbb{R}$ such that the following integral converges I would like to find a closed form for: $$I_{alpha,beta} = int_1^{infty} frac{1}{x^alpha + x^beta}dx$$



I have found ways to represent the integral for cetain fixed cases, but is there a general representation of the integral for all $alpha$ and $beta$ ?



For example;
$$I_{1,beta} = int_1^{infty} frac{1}{x + x^{beta}}dx $$
$$= int_1^{infty} frac{1}{x(1+x^{beta-1})}$$
$$ = int_1^{infty} frac{1}{x} - frac{x^{beta - 2}}{1+x^{beta-1}}$$
$$=lnlvert xrvert-frac{1}{beta-1}cdotlnlvert 1+x^{beta-1}rvertbiggrrvert_1^{infty}$$
$$=frac{1}{beta - 1}cdotln(frac{x^{beta-1}}{1+x^{beta-1}})biggrrvert_1^{infty}$$
$$=frac{ln(1)-ln(1/2)}{beta-1}$$
$$=frac{ln2}{beta-1}$$










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  • Are we assuming that $max(alpha,beta)-min(alpha,beta)$ is an integer?
    – Jack D'Aurizio
    yesterday
















2














Given that $alpha,betainmathbb{R}$ such that the following integral converges I would like to find a closed form for: $$I_{alpha,beta} = int_1^{infty} frac{1}{x^alpha + x^beta}dx$$



I have found ways to represent the integral for cetain fixed cases, but is there a general representation of the integral for all $alpha$ and $beta$ ?



For example;
$$I_{1,beta} = int_1^{infty} frac{1}{x + x^{beta}}dx $$
$$= int_1^{infty} frac{1}{x(1+x^{beta-1})}$$
$$ = int_1^{infty} frac{1}{x} - frac{x^{beta - 2}}{1+x^{beta-1}}$$
$$=lnlvert xrvert-frac{1}{beta-1}cdotlnlvert 1+x^{beta-1}rvertbiggrrvert_1^{infty}$$
$$=frac{1}{beta - 1}cdotln(frac{x^{beta-1}}{1+x^{beta-1}})biggrrvert_1^{infty}$$
$$=frac{ln(1)-ln(1/2)}{beta-1}$$
$$=frac{ln2}{beta-1}$$










share|cite|improve this question







New contributor




Peter Foreman is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.




















  • Are we assuming that $max(alpha,beta)-min(alpha,beta)$ is an integer?
    – Jack D'Aurizio
    yesterday














2












2








2


1





Given that $alpha,betainmathbb{R}$ such that the following integral converges I would like to find a closed form for: $$I_{alpha,beta} = int_1^{infty} frac{1}{x^alpha + x^beta}dx$$



I have found ways to represent the integral for cetain fixed cases, but is there a general representation of the integral for all $alpha$ and $beta$ ?



For example;
$$I_{1,beta} = int_1^{infty} frac{1}{x + x^{beta}}dx $$
$$= int_1^{infty} frac{1}{x(1+x^{beta-1})}$$
$$ = int_1^{infty} frac{1}{x} - frac{x^{beta - 2}}{1+x^{beta-1}}$$
$$=lnlvert xrvert-frac{1}{beta-1}cdotlnlvert 1+x^{beta-1}rvertbiggrrvert_1^{infty}$$
$$=frac{1}{beta - 1}cdotln(frac{x^{beta-1}}{1+x^{beta-1}})biggrrvert_1^{infty}$$
$$=frac{ln(1)-ln(1/2)}{beta-1}$$
$$=frac{ln2}{beta-1}$$










share|cite|improve this question







New contributor




Peter Foreman is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.











Given that $alpha,betainmathbb{R}$ such that the following integral converges I would like to find a closed form for: $$I_{alpha,beta} = int_1^{infty} frac{1}{x^alpha + x^beta}dx$$



I have found ways to represent the integral for cetain fixed cases, but is there a general representation of the integral for all $alpha$ and $beta$ ?



For example;
$$I_{1,beta} = int_1^{infty} frac{1}{x + x^{beta}}dx $$
$$= int_1^{infty} frac{1}{x(1+x^{beta-1})}$$
$$ = int_1^{infty} frac{1}{x} - frac{x^{beta - 2}}{1+x^{beta-1}}$$
$$=lnlvert xrvert-frac{1}{beta-1}cdotlnlvert 1+x^{beta-1}rvertbiggrrvert_1^{infty}$$
$$=frac{1}{beta - 1}cdotln(frac{x^{beta-1}}{1+x^{beta-1}})biggrrvert_1^{infty}$$
$$=frac{ln(1)-ln(1/2)}{beta-1}$$
$$=frac{ln2}{beta-1}$$







integration definite-integrals






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New contributor




Peter Foreman is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.











share|cite|improve this question







New contributor




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Check out our Code of Conduct.









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asked yesterday









Peter Foreman

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2056




New contributor




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New contributor





Peter Foreman is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.






Peter Foreman is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.












  • Are we assuming that $max(alpha,beta)-min(alpha,beta)$ is an integer?
    – Jack D'Aurizio
    yesterday


















  • Are we assuming that $max(alpha,beta)-min(alpha,beta)$ is an integer?
    – Jack D'Aurizio
    yesterday
















Are we assuming that $max(alpha,beta)-min(alpha,beta)$ is an integer?
– Jack D'Aurizio
yesterday




Are we assuming that $max(alpha,beta)-min(alpha,beta)$ is an integer?
– Jack D'Aurizio
yesterday










3 Answers
3






active

oldest

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5














Let's say $alpha > max(1,beta)$.
$$ frac{1}{x^alpha + x^beta} = frac{1}{x^alpha (1 + x^{beta-alpha})} =
sum_{k=0}^infty frac{(-1)^k x^{kbeta}}{x^{(1+k)alpha}}$$

and integrating term-by-term
$$I_{alpha,beta} = sum_{k=0}^infty frac{(-1)^{k}}{(1+k)alpha - k beta -1}
= frac{1}{beta-1}+frac{Psileft(frac{beta - 1}{2alpha-2beta}right) - Psileft(frac{alpha-1}{2alpha-2beta}right)}{2alpha-2beta}$$

where $Psi$ is the digamma function.






share|cite|improve this answer























  • How do you transform the sum into the digamma representation? Is there an identity which relates the digamma function to an infinite summation?
    – Peter Foreman
    yesterday










  • +1. How about for all $alpha$ in $mathbb{R}$?
    – Gustavo Louis G. Montańo
    yesterday








  • 1




    @GustavoLouisG.Montańo The integral diverges when $alpha$ < max(1,$beta$) and is trivial when $alpha=beta$.
    – Peter Foreman
    yesterday








  • 1




    This answer is actually valid for $alpha,betainmathbb{C}$ as well. As long as $mathfrak{R}(alpha) > $max(1,$mathfrak{R}(beta)$).
    – Peter Foreman
    yesterday












  • Robert - To use the geometric series you need to be inside its interval of convergence of $|x| < 1$. The limits of the original integral are from 1 to $infty$, hence the reason why I made the change of $x mapsto 1/x$ to begin with in my answer.
    – omegadot
    yesterday



















2














For $alpha neq beta $. Put $$t={1 over 1+ x^{beta - alpha}} .$$ Then you integral becomes



begin{align} {1 over beta -alpha } int_0^{1 over 2 } t^{alpha -1 over beta - alpha }(1-t)^{1-beta over beta -alpha} , dt,end{align}



which is ${1 over beta -alpha} B(1/2; {beta -1 over beta -alpha}, {1-alpha over beta -alpha}) $,



where $B(x;mu,nu)$ is the incomplete Beta function.






share|cite|improve this answer





























    1














    Assuming $beta > max (1,alpha)$. Enforcing a substitution of $x mapsto 1/x$ in the integral to begin with gives
    $$I_{alpha, beta} = int_0^1 frac{x^{beta - 2}}{1 + x^{beta -alpha}} , dx.$$
    Inside the interval of convergence, by exploiting the geometric series, namely
    $$frac{1}{1 + x^{beta - alpha}} = sum_{n = 0}^infty (-1)^n x^{n beta - n alpha}, qquad |x| < 1$$
    the integral can be rewritten as
    begin{align}
    I_{alpha, beta} &= sum_{n = 0}^infty (-1)^n int_0^1 x^{n beta - n alpha + beta - 2} , dx\
    &= sum_{n = 0}^infty (-1)^n frac{1}{n beta - n alpha + beta - 1}. qquad (*)
    end{align}

    To handle the infinity sum that arises we will make use of the following result (see Eq. (6) in the link)
    $$sum_{n = 0}^infty frac{(-1)^n}{z n + 1} = frac{1}{2z} left [psi left (frac{z + 1}{2z} right ) - psi left (frac{1}{2z} right ) right ]. qquad (**)$$
    Here $psi (x)$ is the digamma function.



    Rewriting the sum in ($*$) in the form of ($**$), namely
    $$I_{alpha, beta} = frac{1}{beta - 1} sum_{n = 0}^infty frac{(-1)^n}{left (dfrac{beta - alpha}{beta - 1} right ) n + 1},$$
    as we have $z = (beta - alpha)/(beta - 1)$, we finally arrive at
    $$I_{alpha, beta} = frac{1}{2beta - 2 alpha} left [psi left (frac{2 beta - alpha - 1}{2 beta - 2alpha} right ) - psi left (frac{beta - 1}{2 beta - 2alpha} right ) right ], qquad beta > max (1,alpha).$$






    share|cite|improve this answer





















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      3 Answers
      3






      active

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      3 Answers
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      active

      oldest

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      active

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      active

      oldest

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      5














      Let's say $alpha > max(1,beta)$.
      $$ frac{1}{x^alpha + x^beta} = frac{1}{x^alpha (1 + x^{beta-alpha})} =
      sum_{k=0}^infty frac{(-1)^k x^{kbeta}}{x^{(1+k)alpha}}$$

      and integrating term-by-term
      $$I_{alpha,beta} = sum_{k=0}^infty frac{(-1)^{k}}{(1+k)alpha - k beta -1}
      = frac{1}{beta-1}+frac{Psileft(frac{beta - 1}{2alpha-2beta}right) - Psileft(frac{alpha-1}{2alpha-2beta}right)}{2alpha-2beta}$$

      where $Psi$ is the digamma function.






      share|cite|improve this answer























      • How do you transform the sum into the digamma representation? Is there an identity which relates the digamma function to an infinite summation?
        – Peter Foreman
        yesterday










      • +1. How about for all $alpha$ in $mathbb{R}$?
        – Gustavo Louis G. Montańo
        yesterday








      • 1




        @GustavoLouisG.Montańo The integral diverges when $alpha$ < max(1,$beta$) and is trivial when $alpha=beta$.
        – Peter Foreman
        yesterday








      • 1




        This answer is actually valid for $alpha,betainmathbb{C}$ as well. As long as $mathfrak{R}(alpha) > $max(1,$mathfrak{R}(beta)$).
        – Peter Foreman
        yesterday












      • Robert - To use the geometric series you need to be inside its interval of convergence of $|x| < 1$. The limits of the original integral are from 1 to $infty$, hence the reason why I made the change of $x mapsto 1/x$ to begin with in my answer.
        – omegadot
        yesterday
















      5














      Let's say $alpha > max(1,beta)$.
      $$ frac{1}{x^alpha + x^beta} = frac{1}{x^alpha (1 + x^{beta-alpha})} =
      sum_{k=0}^infty frac{(-1)^k x^{kbeta}}{x^{(1+k)alpha}}$$

      and integrating term-by-term
      $$I_{alpha,beta} = sum_{k=0}^infty frac{(-1)^{k}}{(1+k)alpha - k beta -1}
      = frac{1}{beta-1}+frac{Psileft(frac{beta - 1}{2alpha-2beta}right) - Psileft(frac{alpha-1}{2alpha-2beta}right)}{2alpha-2beta}$$

      where $Psi$ is the digamma function.






      share|cite|improve this answer























      • How do you transform the sum into the digamma representation? Is there an identity which relates the digamma function to an infinite summation?
        – Peter Foreman
        yesterday










      • +1. How about for all $alpha$ in $mathbb{R}$?
        – Gustavo Louis G. Montańo
        yesterday








      • 1




        @GustavoLouisG.Montańo The integral diverges when $alpha$ < max(1,$beta$) and is trivial when $alpha=beta$.
        – Peter Foreman
        yesterday








      • 1




        This answer is actually valid for $alpha,betainmathbb{C}$ as well. As long as $mathfrak{R}(alpha) > $max(1,$mathfrak{R}(beta)$).
        – Peter Foreman
        yesterday












      • Robert - To use the geometric series you need to be inside its interval of convergence of $|x| < 1$. The limits of the original integral are from 1 to $infty$, hence the reason why I made the change of $x mapsto 1/x$ to begin with in my answer.
        – omegadot
        yesterday














      5












      5








      5






      Let's say $alpha > max(1,beta)$.
      $$ frac{1}{x^alpha + x^beta} = frac{1}{x^alpha (1 + x^{beta-alpha})} =
      sum_{k=0}^infty frac{(-1)^k x^{kbeta}}{x^{(1+k)alpha}}$$

      and integrating term-by-term
      $$I_{alpha,beta} = sum_{k=0}^infty frac{(-1)^{k}}{(1+k)alpha - k beta -1}
      = frac{1}{beta-1}+frac{Psileft(frac{beta - 1}{2alpha-2beta}right) - Psileft(frac{alpha-1}{2alpha-2beta}right)}{2alpha-2beta}$$

      where $Psi$ is the digamma function.






      share|cite|improve this answer














      Let's say $alpha > max(1,beta)$.
      $$ frac{1}{x^alpha + x^beta} = frac{1}{x^alpha (1 + x^{beta-alpha})} =
      sum_{k=0}^infty frac{(-1)^k x^{kbeta}}{x^{(1+k)alpha}}$$

      and integrating term-by-term
      $$I_{alpha,beta} = sum_{k=0}^infty frac{(-1)^{k}}{(1+k)alpha - k beta -1}
      = frac{1}{beta-1}+frac{Psileft(frac{beta - 1}{2alpha-2beta}right) - Psileft(frac{alpha-1}{2alpha-2beta}right)}{2alpha-2beta}$$

      where $Psi$ is the digamma function.







      share|cite|improve this answer














      share|cite|improve this answer



      share|cite|improve this answer








      edited yesterday









      Peter Foreman

      2056




      2056










      answered yesterday









      Robert Israel

      318k23208457




      318k23208457












      • How do you transform the sum into the digamma representation? Is there an identity which relates the digamma function to an infinite summation?
        – Peter Foreman
        yesterday










      • +1. How about for all $alpha$ in $mathbb{R}$?
        – Gustavo Louis G. Montańo
        yesterday








      • 1




        @GustavoLouisG.Montańo The integral diverges when $alpha$ < max(1,$beta$) and is trivial when $alpha=beta$.
        – Peter Foreman
        yesterday








      • 1




        This answer is actually valid for $alpha,betainmathbb{C}$ as well. As long as $mathfrak{R}(alpha) > $max(1,$mathfrak{R}(beta)$).
        – Peter Foreman
        yesterday












      • Robert - To use the geometric series you need to be inside its interval of convergence of $|x| < 1$. The limits of the original integral are from 1 to $infty$, hence the reason why I made the change of $x mapsto 1/x$ to begin with in my answer.
        – omegadot
        yesterday


















      • How do you transform the sum into the digamma representation? Is there an identity which relates the digamma function to an infinite summation?
        – Peter Foreman
        yesterday










      • +1. How about for all $alpha$ in $mathbb{R}$?
        – Gustavo Louis G. Montańo
        yesterday








      • 1




        @GustavoLouisG.Montańo The integral diverges when $alpha$ < max(1,$beta$) and is trivial when $alpha=beta$.
        – Peter Foreman
        yesterday








      • 1




        This answer is actually valid for $alpha,betainmathbb{C}$ as well. As long as $mathfrak{R}(alpha) > $max(1,$mathfrak{R}(beta)$).
        – Peter Foreman
        yesterday












      • Robert - To use the geometric series you need to be inside its interval of convergence of $|x| < 1$. The limits of the original integral are from 1 to $infty$, hence the reason why I made the change of $x mapsto 1/x$ to begin with in my answer.
        – omegadot
        yesterday
















      How do you transform the sum into the digamma representation? Is there an identity which relates the digamma function to an infinite summation?
      – Peter Foreman
      yesterday




      How do you transform the sum into the digamma representation? Is there an identity which relates the digamma function to an infinite summation?
      – Peter Foreman
      yesterday












      +1. How about for all $alpha$ in $mathbb{R}$?
      – Gustavo Louis G. Montańo
      yesterday






      +1. How about for all $alpha$ in $mathbb{R}$?
      – Gustavo Louis G. Montańo
      yesterday






      1




      1




      @GustavoLouisG.Montańo The integral diverges when $alpha$ < max(1,$beta$) and is trivial when $alpha=beta$.
      – Peter Foreman
      yesterday






      @GustavoLouisG.Montańo The integral diverges when $alpha$ < max(1,$beta$) and is trivial when $alpha=beta$.
      – Peter Foreman
      yesterday






      1




      1




      This answer is actually valid for $alpha,betainmathbb{C}$ as well. As long as $mathfrak{R}(alpha) > $max(1,$mathfrak{R}(beta)$).
      – Peter Foreman
      yesterday






      This answer is actually valid for $alpha,betainmathbb{C}$ as well. As long as $mathfrak{R}(alpha) > $max(1,$mathfrak{R}(beta)$).
      – Peter Foreman
      yesterday














      Robert - To use the geometric series you need to be inside its interval of convergence of $|x| < 1$. The limits of the original integral are from 1 to $infty$, hence the reason why I made the change of $x mapsto 1/x$ to begin with in my answer.
      – omegadot
      yesterday




      Robert - To use the geometric series you need to be inside its interval of convergence of $|x| < 1$. The limits of the original integral are from 1 to $infty$, hence the reason why I made the change of $x mapsto 1/x$ to begin with in my answer.
      – omegadot
      yesterday











      2














      For $alpha neq beta $. Put $$t={1 over 1+ x^{beta - alpha}} .$$ Then you integral becomes



      begin{align} {1 over beta -alpha } int_0^{1 over 2 } t^{alpha -1 over beta - alpha }(1-t)^{1-beta over beta -alpha} , dt,end{align}



      which is ${1 over beta -alpha} B(1/2; {beta -1 over beta -alpha}, {1-alpha over beta -alpha}) $,



      where $B(x;mu,nu)$ is the incomplete Beta function.






      share|cite|improve this answer


























        2














        For $alpha neq beta $. Put $$t={1 over 1+ x^{beta - alpha}} .$$ Then you integral becomes



        begin{align} {1 over beta -alpha } int_0^{1 over 2 } t^{alpha -1 over beta - alpha }(1-t)^{1-beta over beta -alpha} , dt,end{align}



        which is ${1 over beta -alpha} B(1/2; {beta -1 over beta -alpha}, {1-alpha over beta -alpha}) $,



        where $B(x;mu,nu)$ is the incomplete Beta function.






        share|cite|improve this answer
























          2












          2








          2






          For $alpha neq beta $. Put $$t={1 over 1+ x^{beta - alpha}} .$$ Then you integral becomes



          begin{align} {1 over beta -alpha } int_0^{1 over 2 } t^{alpha -1 over beta - alpha }(1-t)^{1-beta over beta -alpha} , dt,end{align}



          which is ${1 over beta -alpha} B(1/2; {beta -1 over beta -alpha}, {1-alpha over beta -alpha}) $,



          where $B(x;mu,nu)$ is the incomplete Beta function.






          share|cite|improve this answer












          For $alpha neq beta $. Put $$t={1 over 1+ x^{beta - alpha}} .$$ Then you integral becomes



          begin{align} {1 over beta -alpha } int_0^{1 over 2 } t^{alpha -1 over beta - alpha }(1-t)^{1-beta over beta -alpha} , dt,end{align}



          which is ${1 over beta -alpha} B(1/2; {beta -1 over beta -alpha}, {1-alpha over beta -alpha}) $,



          where $B(x;mu,nu)$ is the incomplete Beta function.







          share|cite|improve this answer












          share|cite|improve this answer



          share|cite|improve this answer










          answered yesterday









          mouthetics

          47327




          47327























              1














              Assuming $beta > max (1,alpha)$. Enforcing a substitution of $x mapsto 1/x$ in the integral to begin with gives
              $$I_{alpha, beta} = int_0^1 frac{x^{beta - 2}}{1 + x^{beta -alpha}} , dx.$$
              Inside the interval of convergence, by exploiting the geometric series, namely
              $$frac{1}{1 + x^{beta - alpha}} = sum_{n = 0}^infty (-1)^n x^{n beta - n alpha}, qquad |x| < 1$$
              the integral can be rewritten as
              begin{align}
              I_{alpha, beta} &= sum_{n = 0}^infty (-1)^n int_0^1 x^{n beta - n alpha + beta - 2} , dx\
              &= sum_{n = 0}^infty (-1)^n frac{1}{n beta - n alpha + beta - 1}. qquad (*)
              end{align}

              To handle the infinity sum that arises we will make use of the following result (see Eq. (6) in the link)
              $$sum_{n = 0}^infty frac{(-1)^n}{z n + 1} = frac{1}{2z} left [psi left (frac{z + 1}{2z} right ) - psi left (frac{1}{2z} right ) right ]. qquad (**)$$
              Here $psi (x)$ is the digamma function.



              Rewriting the sum in ($*$) in the form of ($**$), namely
              $$I_{alpha, beta} = frac{1}{beta - 1} sum_{n = 0}^infty frac{(-1)^n}{left (dfrac{beta - alpha}{beta - 1} right ) n + 1},$$
              as we have $z = (beta - alpha)/(beta - 1)$, we finally arrive at
              $$I_{alpha, beta} = frac{1}{2beta - 2 alpha} left [psi left (frac{2 beta - alpha - 1}{2 beta - 2alpha} right ) - psi left (frac{beta - 1}{2 beta - 2alpha} right ) right ], qquad beta > max (1,alpha).$$






              share|cite|improve this answer


























                1














                Assuming $beta > max (1,alpha)$. Enforcing a substitution of $x mapsto 1/x$ in the integral to begin with gives
                $$I_{alpha, beta} = int_0^1 frac{x^{beta - 2}}{1 + x^{beta -alpha}} , dx.$$
                Inside the interval of convergence, by exploiting the geometric series, namely
                $$frac{1}{1 + x^{beta - alpha}} = sum_{n = 0}^infty (-1)^n x^{n beta - n alpha}, qquad |x| < 1$$
                the integral can be rewritten as
                begin{align}
                I_{alpha, beta} &= sum_{n = 0}^infty (-1)^n int_0^1 x^{n beta - n alpha + beta - 2} , dx\
                &= sum_{n = 0}^infty (-1)^n frac{1}{n beta - n alpha + beta - 1}. qquad (*)
                end{align}

                To handle the infinity sum that arises we will make use of the following result (see Eq. (6) in the link)
                $$sum_{n = 0}^infty frac{(-1)^n}{z n + 1} = frac{1}{2z} left [psi left (frac{z + 1}{2z} right ) - psi left (frac{1}{2z} right ) right ]. qquad (**)$$
                Here $psi (x)$ is the digamma function.



                Rewriting the sum in ($*$) in the form of ($**$), namely
                $$I_{alpha, beta} = frac{1}{beta - 1} sum_{n = 0}^infty frac{(-1)^n}{left (dfrac{beta - alpha}{beta - 1} right ) n + 1},$$
                as we have $z = (beta - alpha)/(beta - 1)$, we finally arrive at
                $$I_{alpha, beta} = frac{1}{2beta - 2 alpha} left [psi left (frac{2 beta - alpha - 1}{2 beta - 2alpha} right ) - psi left (frac{beta - 1}{2 beta - 2alpha} right ) right ], qquad beta > max (1,alpha).$$






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                  Assuming $beta > max (1,alpha)$. Enforcing a substitution of $x mapsto 1/x$ in the integral to begin with gives
                  $$I_{alpha, beta} = int_0^1 frac{x^{beta - 2}}{1 + x^{beta -alpha}} , dx.$$
                  Inside the interval of convergence, by exploiting the geometric series, namely
                  $$frac{1}{1 + x^{beta - alpha}} = sum_{n = 0}^infty (-1)^n x^{n beta - n alpha}, qquad |x| < 1$$
                  the integral can be rewritten as
                  begin{align}
                  I_{alpha, beta} &= sum_{n = 0}^infty (-1)^n int_0^1 x^{n beta - n alpha + beta - 2} , dx\
                  &= sum_{n = 0}^infty (-1)^n frac{1}{n beta - n alpha + beta - 1}. qquad (*)
                  end{align}

                  To handle the infinity sum that arises we will make use of the following result (see Eq. (6) in the link)
                  $$sum_{n = 0}^infty frac{(-1)^n}{z n + 1} = frac{1}{2z} left [psi left (frac{z + 1}{2z} right ) - psi left (frac{1}{2z} right ) right ]. qquad (**)$$
                  Here $psi (x)$ is the digamma function.



                  Rewriting the sum in ($*$) in the form of ($**$), namely
                  $$I_{alpha, beta} = frac{1}{beta - 1} sum_{n = 0}^infty frac{(-1)^n}{left (dfrac{beta - alpha}{beta - 1} right ) n + 1},$$
                  as we have $z = (beta - alpha)/(beta - 1)$, we finally arrive at
                  $$I_{alpha, beta} = frac{1}{2beta - 2 alpha} left [psi left (frac{2 beta - alpha - 1}{2 beta - 2alpha} right ) - psi left (frac{beta - 1}{2 beta - 2alpha} right ) right ], qquad beta > max (1,alpha).$$






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                  Assuming $beta > max (1,alpha)$. Enforcing a substitution of $x mapsto 1/x$ in the integral to begin with gives
                  $$I_{alpha, beta} = int_0^1 frac{x^{beta - 2}}{1 + x^{beta -alpha}} , dx.$$
                  Inside the interval of convergence, by exploiting the geometric series, namely
                  $$frac{1}{1 + x^{beta - alpha}} = sum_{n = 0}^infty (-1)^n x^{n beta - n alpha}, qquad |x| < 1$$
                  the integral can be rewritten as
                  begin{align}
                  I_{alpha, beta} &= sum_{n = 0}^infty (-1)^n int_0^1 x^{n beta - n alpha + beta - 2} , dx\
                  &= sum_{n = 0}^infty (-1)^n frac{1}{n beta - n alpha + beta - 1}. qquad (*)
                  end{align}

                  To handle the infinity sum that arises we will make use of the following result (see Eq. (6) in the link)
                  $$sum_{n = 0}^infty frac{(-1)^n}{z n + 1} = frac{1}{2z} left [psi left (frac{z + 1}{2z} right ) - psi left (frac{1}{2z} right ) right ]. qquad (**)$$
                  Here $psi (x)$ is the digamma function.



                  Rewriting the sum in ($*$) in the form of ($**$), namely
                  $$I_{alpha, beta} = frac{1}{beta - 1} sum_{n = 0}^infty frac{(-1)^n}{left (dfrac{beta - alpha}{beta - 1} right ) n + 1},$$
                  as we have $z = (beta - alpha)/(beta - 1)$, we finally arrive at
                  $$I_{alpha, beta} = frac{1}{2beta - 2 alpha} left [psi left (frac{2 beta - alpha - 1}{2 beta - 2alpha} right ) - psi left (frac{beta - 1}{2 beta - 2alpha} right ) right ], qquad beta > max (1,alpha).$$







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                  omegadot

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