Find all parameters $a,b,c,d in mathbb R$ for which the function $f: mathbb R rightarrow mathbb R$ a) has a...












0














My function $f: mathbb R rightarrow mathbb R$ it is given a pattern:
$$f(x)=begin{cases} frac{2^{7^{x}-1}-a}{ln(1-x)},& x<0\ b,& x=0 \ frac{sinleft(c sqrt{x^{2}+d^{2}x}right) }{x},& x>0 end{cases}$$ for $$a,b,c,d in mathbb R$$
I have a problem with this task because function patterns for $x</>0$ have they reach zero in the denominator for $x=0.$



That is why I think that I should cut a denominator with a numerator but I cannot do it because I have logarithm and sine so I need other way to this task.



I thought about doing some substitution: for example $y=frac{1}{x}$, then for $x rightarrow 0^mp$ I have $y rightarrow pm infty$ and but I still can not solve this.



Can I count on any tips?










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  • so the goal is to find the parameters such that the function defined for x negative, x positive and x = 0 is continuous ?
    – Marine Galantin
    2 days ago










  • @MP3129 Are you familiar with Taylor's Theorem?
    – Cameron Buie
    2 days ago










  • @MarineGalantin in point (a) I need to find the parameters $ a, b, c, d in mathbb R $ for which the function has a limit in point 0 and in point (b) which is a separate case I have to indicate parameters for which the function is continuous in the whole field
    – MP3129
    2 days ago












  • @CameronBuie I have not a Taylor's Theorem at my university and I mustn't use facts which I did not have a lecture
    – MP3129
    2 days ago






  • 1




    @MP3129: Okay. What about L'Hôpital's Rule?
    – Cameron Buie
    2 days ago
















0














My function $f: mathbb R rightarrow mathbb R$ it is given a pattern:
$$f(x)=begin{cases} frac{2^{7^{x}-1}-a}{ln(1-x)},& x<0\ b,& x=0 \ frac{sinleft(c sqrt{x^{2}+d^{2}x}right) }{x},& x>0 end{cases}$$ for $$a,b,c,d in mathbb R$$
I have a problem with this task because function patterns for $x</>0$ have they reach zero in the denominator for $x=0.$



That is why I think that I should cut a denominator with a numerator but I cannot do it because I have logarithm and sine so I need other way to this task.



I thought about doing some substitution: for example $y=frac{1}{x}$, then for $x rightarrow 0^mp$ I have $y rightarrow pm infty$ and but I still can not solve this.



Can I count on any tips?










share|cite|improve this question
























  • so the goal is to find the parameters such that the function defined for x negative, x positive and x = 0 is continuous ?
    – Marine Galantin
    2 days ago










  • @MP3129 Are you familiar with Taylor's Theorem?
    – Cameron Buie
    2 days ago










  • @MarineGalantin in point (a) I need to find the parameters $ a, b, c, d in mathbb R $ for which the function has a limit in point 0 and in point (b) which is a separate case I have to indicate parameters for which the function is continuous in the whole field
    – MP3129
    2 days ago












  • @CameronBuie I have not a Taylor's Theorem at my university and I mustn't use facts which I did not have a lecture
    – MP3129
    2 days ago






  • 1




    @MP3129: Okay. What about L'Hôpital's Rule?
    – Cameron Buie
    2 days ago














0












0








0







My function $f: mathbb R rightarrow mathbb R$ it is given a pattern:
$$f(x)=begin{cases} frac{2^{7^{x}-1}-a}{ln(1-x)},& x<0\ b,& x=0 \ frac{sinleft(c sqrt{x^{2}+d^{2}x}right) }{x},& x>0 end{cases}$$ for $$a,b,c,d in mathbb R$$
I have a problem with this task because function patterns for $x</>0$ have they reach zero in the denominator for $x=0.$



That is why I think that I should cut a denominator with a numerator but I cannot do it because I have logarithm and sine so I need other way to this task.



I thought about doing some substitution: for example $y=frac{1}{x}$, then for $x rightarrow 0^mp$ I have $y rightarrow pm infty$ and but I still can not solve this.



Can I count on any tips?










share|cite|improve this question















My function $f: mathbb R rightarrow mathbb R$ it is given a pattern:
$$f(x)=begin{cases} frac{2^{7^{x}-1}-a}{ln(1-x)},& x<0\ b,& x=0 \ frac{sinleft(c sqrt{x^{2}+d^{2}x}right) }{x},& x>0 end{cases}$$ for $$a,b,c,d in mathbb R$$
I have a problem with this task because function patterns for $x</>0$ have they reach zero in the denominator for $x=0.$



That is why I think that I should cut a denominator with a numerator but I cannot do it because I have logarithm and sine so I need other way to this task.



I thought about doing some substitution: for example $y=frac{1}{x}$, then for $x rightarrow 0^mp$ I have $y rightarrow pm infty$ and but I still can not solve this.



Can I count on any tips?







real-analysis






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share|cite|improve this question













share|cite|improve this question




share|cite|improve this question








edited 2 days ago









Cameron Buie

85.1k771155




85.1k771155










asked 2 days ago









MP3129MP3129

876




876












  • so the goal is to find the parameters such that the function defined for x negative, x positive and x = 0 is continuous ?
    – Marine Galantin
    2 days ago










  • @MP3129 Are you familiar with Taylor's Theorem?
    – Cameron Buie
    2 days ago










  • @MarineGalantin in point (a) I need to find the parameters $ a, b, c, d in mathbb R $ for which the function has a limit in point 0 and in point (b) which is a separate case I have to indicate parameters for which the function is continuous in the whole field
    – MP3129
    2 days ago












  • @CameronBuie I have not a Taylor's Theorem at my university and I mustn't use facts which I did not have a lecture
    – MP3129
    2 days ago






  • 1




    @MP3129: Okay. What about L'Hôpital's Rule?
    – Cameron Buie
    2 days ago


















  • so the goal is to find the parameters such that the function defined for x negative, x positive and x = 0 is continuous ?
    – Marine Galantin
    2 days ago










  • @MP3129 Are you familiar with Taylor's Theorem?
    – Cameron Buie
    2 days ago










  • @MarineGalantin in point (a) I need to find the parameters $ a, b, c, d in mathbb R $ for which the function has a limit in point 0 and in point (b) which is a separate case I have to indicate parameters for which the function is continuous in the whole field
    – MP3129
    2 days ago












  • @CameronBuie I have not a Taylor's Theorem at my university and I mustn't use facts which I did not have a lecture
    – MP3129
    2 days ago






  • 1




    @MP3129: Okay. What about L'Hôpital's Rule?
    – Cameron Buie
    2 days ago
















so the goal is to find the parameters such that the function defined for x negative, x positive and x = 0 is continuous ?
– Marine Galantin
2 days ago




so the goal is to find the parameters such that the function defined for x negative, x positive and x = 0 is continuous ?
– Marine Galantin
2 days ago












@MP3129 Are you familiar with Taylor's Theorem?
– Cameron Buie
2 days ago




@MP3129 Are you familiar with Taylor's Theorem?
– Cameron Buie
2 days ago












@MarineGalantin in point (a) I need to find the parameters $ a, b, c, d in mathbb R $ for which the function has a limit in point 0 and in point (b) which is a separate case I have to indicate parameters for which the function is continuous in the whole field
– MP3129
2 days ago






@MarineGalantin in point (a) I need to find the parameters $ a, b, c, d in mathbb R $ for which the function has a limit in point 0 and in point (b) which is a separate case I have to indicate parameters for which the function is continuous in the whole field
– MP3129
2 days ago














@CameronBuie I have not a Taylor's Theorem at my university and I mustn't use facts which I did not have a lecture
– MP3129
2 days ago




@CameronBuie I have not a Taylor's Theorem at my university and I mustn't use facts which I did not have a lecture
– MP3129
2 days ago




1




1




@MP3129: Okay. What about L'Hôpital's Rule?
– Cameron Buie
2 days ago




@MP3129: Okay. What about L'Hôpital's Rule?
– Cameron Buie
2 days ago










1 Answer
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The first thing to note is that as $xnearrow 0,$ the denominator $ln(1-x)$ vanishes, so the only way to avoid $bigl|f(x)bigr|to+infty$ in that case is to make sure that the numerator vanishes as well. Since $$2^{7^x-1}-ato2^{7^0-1}-a=2^{1-1}-a=2^0-a=1-a,$$ this means we must put $a=1$ to accomplish this.



If you're familiar with the result that $$lim_{tto 0}frac{sin(t)}t=1,tag{1}$$ then we can tackle the right-hand limit as follows. Since $lim_{xsearrow0}csqrt{x^2+d^2x}=0,$ then by $(1)$ we have $$lim_{xsearrow0}frac{sinleft(csqrt{x^2+d^2x}right)}{csqrt{x^2+d^2x}}=1,$$ so, since $$frac{sinleft(csqrt{x^2+d^2x}right)}{x}=frac{sinleft(csqrt{x^2+d^2x}right)}{csqrt{x^2+d^2x}}cdotfrac{csqrt{x^2+d^2x}}{x}=frac{sinleft(csqrt{x^2+d^2x}right)}{csqrt{x^2+d^2x}}cdot csqrt{1+frac{d^2}x}$$ whenever $x>0,$ then $lim_{xsearrow0}f(x)=+infty$ unless $d=0,$ in which case the limit is $c.$ Thus, for the right-hand limit to exist, we require $d=0.$ Moreover, for the two-sided limit to exist, we need $a=1,$ $d=0,$ and $c=lim_{xnearrow0}f(x),$ assuming the left-hand limit exists.



Unfortunately, I'm not familiar with any elementary ways to proceed further. Using L'Hôpital's rule allows us to find that $$begin{eqnarray}lim_{xnearrow0}frac{2^{7^x-1}-1}{ln(1-x)} &=& lim_{xnearrow0}cfrac{ln(2)ln(7)7^{x}2^{7x-1}}{-frac1{1-x}}\ &=& lim_{xnearrow0}(x-1)ln(2)ln(7)7^{x}2^{7x-1}\ &=& (0-1)ln(2)ln(7)7^{0}2^{0-1}\ &=& -frac{ln(2)ln(7)}2,end{eqnarray}$$ so for the two-sided limit to exist, we require $a=1,$ $c=frac{ln(2)ln(7)}2,$ and $d=0.$ For continuity, we additionally require $b=frac{ln(2)ln(7)}2.$






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    The first thing to note is that as $xnearrow 0,$ the denominator $ln(1-x)$ vanishes, so the only way to avoid $bigl|f(x)bigr|to+infty$ in that case is to make sure that the numerator vanishes as well. Since $$2^{7^x-1}-ato2^{7^0-1}-a=2^{1-1}-a=2^0-a=1-a,$$ this means we must put $a=1$ to accomplish this.



    If you're familiar with the result that $$lim_{tto 0}frac{sin(t)}t=1,tag{1}$$ then we can tackle the right-hand limit as follows. Since $lim_{xsearrow0}csqrt{x^2+d^2x}=0,$ then by $(1)$ we have $$lim_{xsearrow0}frac{sinleft(csqrt{x^2+d^2x}right)}{csqrt{x^2+d^2x}}=1,$$ so, since $$frac{sinleft(csqrt{x^2+d^2x}right)}{x}=frac{sinleft(csqrt{x^2+d^2x}right)}{csqrt{x^2+d^2x}}cdotfrac{csqrt{x^2+d^2x}}{x}=frac{sinleft(csqrt{x^2+d^2x}right)}{csqrt{x^2+d^2x}}cdot csqrt{1+frac{d^2}x}$$ whenever $x>0,$ then $lim_{xsearrow0}f(x)=+infty$ unless $d=0,$ in which case the limit is $c.$ Thus, for the right-hand limit to exist, we require $d=0.$ Moreover, for the two-sided limit to exist, we need $a=1,$ $d=0,$ and $c=lim_{xnearrow0}f(x),$ assuming the left-hand limit exists.



    Unfortunately, I'm not familiar with any elementary ways to proceed further. Using L'Hôpital's rule allows us to find that $$begin{eqnarray}lim_{xnearrow0}frac{2^{7^x-1}-1}{ln(1-x)} &=& lim_{xnearrow0}cfrac{ln(2)ln(7)7^{x}2^{7x-1}}{-frac1{1-x}}\ &=& lim_{xnearrow0}(x-1)ln(2)ln(7)7^{x}2^{7x-1}\ &=& (0-1)ln(2)ln(7)7^{0}2^{0-1}\ &=& -frac{ln(2)ln(7)}2,end{eqnarray}$$ so for the two-sided limit to exist, we require $a=1,$ $c=frac{ln(2)ln(7)}2,$ and $d=0.$ For continuity, we additionally require $b=frac{ln(2)ln(7)}2.$






    share|cite|improve this answer


























      0














      The first thing to note is that as $xnearrow 0,$ the denominator $ln(1-x)$ vanishes, so the only way to avoid $bigl|f(x)bigr|to+infty$ in that case is to make sure that the numerator vanishes as well. Since $$2^{7^x-1}-ato2^{7^0-1}-a=2^{1-1}-a=2^0-a=1-a,$$ this means we must put $a=1$ to accomplish this.



      If you're familiar with the result that $$lim_{tto 0}frac{sin(t)}t=1,tag{1}$$ then we can tackle the right-hand limit as follows. Since $lim_{xsearrow0}csqrt{x^2+d^2x}=0,$ then by $(1)$ we have $$lim_{xsearrow0}frac{sinleft(csqrt{x^2+d^2x}right)}{csqrt{x^2+d^2x}}=1,$$ so, since $$frac{sinleft(csqrt{x^2+d^2x}right)}{x}=frac{sinleft(csqrt{x^2+d^2x}right)}{csqrt{x^2+d^2x}}cdotfrac{csqrt{x^2+d^2x}}{x}=frac{sinleft(csqrt{x^2+d^2x}right)}{csqrt{x^2+d^2x}}cdot csqrt{1+frac{d^2}x}$$ whenever $x>0,$ then $lim_{xsearrow0}f(x)=+infty$ unless $d=0,$ in which case the limit is $c.$ Thus, for the right-hand limit to exist, we require $d=0.$ Moreover, for the two-sided limit to exist, we need $a=1,$ $d=0,$ and $c=lim_{xnearrow0}f(x),$ assuming the left-hand limit exists.



      Unfortunately, I'm not familiar with any elementary ways to proceed further. Using L'Hôpital's rule allows us to find that $$begin{eqnarray}lim_{xnearrow0}frac{2^{7^x-1}-1}{ln(1-x)} &=& lim_{xnearrow0}cfrac{ln(2)ln(7)7^{x}2^{7x-1}}{-frac1{1-x}}\ &=& lim_{xnearrow0}(x-1)ln(2)ln(7)7^{x}2^{7x-1}\ &=& (0-1)ln(2)ln(7)7^{0}2^{0-1}\ &=& -frac{ln(2)ln(7)}2,end{eqnarray}$$ so for the two-sided limit to exist, we require $a=1,$ $c=frac{ln(2)ln(7)}2,$ and $d=0.$ For continuity, we additionally require $b=frac{ln(2)ln(7)}2.$






      share|cite|improve this answer
























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        0






        The first thing to note is that as $xnearrow 0,$ the denominator $ln(1-x)$ vanishes, so the only way to avoid $bigl|f(x)bigr|to+infty$ in that case is to make sure that the numerator vanishes as well. Since $$2^{7^x-1}-ato2^{7^0-1}-a=2^{1-1}-a=2^0-a=1-a,$$ this means we must put $a=1$ to accomplish this.



        If you're familiar with the result that $$lim_{tto 0}frac{sin(t)}t=1,tag{1}$$ then we can tackle the right-hand limit as follows. Since $lim_{xsearrow0}csqrt{x^2+d^2x}=0,$ then by $(1)$ we have $$lim_{xsearrow0}frac{sinleft(csqrt{x^2+d^2x}right)}{csqrt{x^2+d^2x}}=1,$$ so, since $$frac{sinleft(csqrt{x^2+d^2x}right)}{x}=frac{sinleft(csqrt{x^2+d^2x}right)}{csqrt{x^2+d^2x}}cdotfrac{csqrt{x^2+d^2x}}{x}=frac{sinleft(csqrt{x^2+d^2x}right)}{csqrt{x^2+d^2x}}cdot csqrt{1+frac{d^2}x}$$ whenever $x>0,$ then $lim_{xsearrow0}f(x)=+infty$ unless $d=0,$ in which case the limit is $c.$ Thus, for the right-hand limit to exist, we require $d=0.$ Moreover, for the two-sided limit to exist, we need $a=1,$ $d=0,$ and $c=lim_{xnearrow0}f(x),$ assuming the left-hand limit exists.



        Unfortunately, I'm not familiar with any elementary ways to proceed further. Using L'Hôpital's rule allows us to find that $$begin{eqnarray}lim_{xnearrow0}frac{2^{7^x-1}-1}{ln(1-x)} &=& lim_{xnearrow0}cfrac{ln(2)ln(7)7^{x}2^{7x-1}}{-frac1{1-x}}\ &=& lim_{xnearrow0}(x-1)ln(2)ln(7)7^{x}2^{7x-1}\ &=& (0-1)ln(2)ln(7)7^{0}2^{0-1}\ &=& -frac{ln(2)ln(7)}2,end{eqnarray}$$ so for the two-sided limit to exist, we require $a=1,$ $c=frac{ln(2)ln(7)}2,$ and $d=0.$ For continuity, we additionally require $b=frac{ln(2)ln(7)}2.$






        share|cite|improve this answer












        The first thing to note is that as $xnearrow 0,$ the denominator $ln(1-x)$ vanishes, so the only way to avoid $bigl|f(x)bigr|to+infty$ in that case is to make sure that the numerator vanishes as well. Since $$2^{7^x-1}-ato2^{7^0-1}-a=2^{1-1}-a=2^0-a=1-a,$$ this means we must put $a=1$ to accomplish this.



        If you're familiar with the result that $$lim_{tto 0}frac{sin(t)}t=1,tag{1}$$ then we can tackle the right-hand limit as follows. Since $lim_{xsearrow0}csqrt{x^2+d^2x}=0,$ then by $(1)$ we have $$lim_{xsearrow0}frac{sinleft(csqrt{x^2+d^2x}right)}{csqrt{x^2+d^2x}}=1,$$ so, since $$frac{sinleft(csqrt{x^2+d^2x}right)}{x}=frac{sinleft(csqrt{x^2+d^2x}right)}{csqrt{x^2+d^2x}}cdotfrac{csqrt{x^2+d^2x}}{x}=frac{sinleft(csqrt{x^2+d^2x}right)}{csqrt{x^2+d^2x}}cdot csqrt{1+frac{d^2}x}$$ whenever $x>0,$ then $lim_{xsearrow0}f(x)=+infty$ unless $d=0,$ in which case the limit is $c.$ Thus, for the right-hand limit to exist, we require $d=0.$ Moreover, for the two-sided limit to exist, we need $a=1,$ $d=0,$ and $c=lim_{xnearrow0}f(x),$ assuming the left-hand limit exists.



        Unfortunately, I'm not familiar with any elementary ways to proceed further. Using L'Hôpital's rule allows us to find that $$begin{eqnarray}lim_{xnearrow0}frac{2^{7^x-1}-1}{ln(1-x)} &=& lim_{xnearrow0}cfrac{ln(2)ln(7)7^{x}2^{7x-1}}{-frac1{1-x}}\ &=& lim_{xnearrow0}(x-1)ln(2)ln(7)7^{x}2^{7x-1}\ &=& (0-1)ln(2)ln(7)7^{0}2^{0-1}\ &=& -frac{ln(2)ln(7)}2,end{eqnarray}$$ so for the two-sided limit to exist, we require $a=1,$ $c=frac{ln(2)ln(7)}2,$ and $d=0.$ For continuity, we additionally require $b=frac{ln(2)ln(7)}2.$







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        answered 2 days ago









        Cameron BuieCameron Buie

        85.1k771155




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