Prove all elements $x_n geq sqrt{2}.$ [duplicate]
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This question already has an answer here:
Show that the recursive sequence is bounded
1 answer
Given $x_1 = 2,$ and $$x_{n+1} = frac{1}{2}bigg(x_n + frac{2}{x_n} bigg),$$ show that for all $n in mathbb{N},$ $x_n geq sqrt{2}.$
I tried the following. Suppose, for contradiction, that $x_{n+1} < sqrt{2}.$ Then, $$frac{1}{2}bigg(x_n + frac{2}{x_n} bigg) < sqrt{2},$$ and $$x_n + frac{2}{x_n} < 2sqrt{2}.$$ Given that $x_n geq sqrt{2},$ it follows that $$sqrt{2} + frac{2}{x_n} leq x_n + frac{2}{x_n} < 2sqrt{2},$$ and $$sqrt{2} + frac{2}{x_n} < 2sqrt{2}.$$ So, $$frac{2}{x_n} < sqrt{2},$$ and $$sqrt{2} < x_n.$$ No contradiction. I've tried proving it directly, by squaring both sides and by leaving the expression as is, and I consistently find that the $x_n$ and the $x_n^{-1}$ are together problematic.
I also tried something that allowed me to arrive at the following: $$x_{n+1}x_n geq 2.$$ But, I don't think that's helpful.
Help?:)
sequences-and-series algebra-precalculus
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marked as duplicate by Martin R, Community♦ Jan 10 at 6:06
This question has been asked before and already has an answer. If those answers do not fully address your question, please ask a new question.
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show 1 more comment
$begingroup$
This question already has an answer here:
Show that the recursive sequence is bounded
1 answer
Given $x_1 = 2,$ and $$x_{n+1} = frac{1}{2}bigg(x_n + frac{2}{x_n} bigg),$$ show that for all $n in mathbb{N},$ $x_n geq sqrt{2}.$
I tried the following. Suppose, for contradiction, that $x_{n+1} < sqrt{2}.$ Then, $$frac{1}{2}bigg(x_n + frac{2}{x_n} bigg) < sqrt{2},$$ and $$x_n + frac{2}{x_n} < 2sqrt{2}.$$ Given that $x_n geq sqrt{2},$ it follows that $$sqrt{2} + frac{2}{x_n} leq x_n + frac{2}{x_n} < 2sqrt{2},$$ and $$sqrt{2} + frac{2}{x_n} < 2sqrt{2}.$$ So, $$frac{2}{x_n} < sqrt{2},$$ and $$sqrt{2} < x_n.$$ No contradiction. I've tried proving it directly, by squaring both sides and by leaving the expression as is, and I consistently find that the $x_n$ and the $x_n^{-1}$ are together problematic.
I also tried something that allowed me to arrive at the following: $$x_{n+1}x_n geq 2.$$ But, I don't think that's helpful.
Help?:)
sequences-and-series algebra-precalculus
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marked as duplicate by Martin R, Community♦ Jan 10 at 6:06
This question has been asked before and already has an answer. If those answers do not fully address your question, please ask a new question.
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Just apply "AM >= GM" to $frac{1}{2}bigg(x_n + frac{2}{x_n} bigg)$ ...
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– Martin R
Jan 10 at 6:02
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AM-GM inequality.
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– xbh
Jan 10 at 6:02
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What is the AM-GM inequality?
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– Rafael Vergnaud
Jan 10 at 6:02
1
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The Inequality of arithmetic and geometric means
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– Martin R
Jan 10 at 6:02
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Got it! Thanks :)
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– Rafael Vergnaud
Jan 10 at 6:04
|
show 1 more comment
$begingroup$
This question already has an answer here:
Show that the recursive sequence is bounded
1 answer
Given $x_1 = 2,$ and $$x_{n+1} = frac{1}{2}bigg(x_n + frac{2}{x_n} bigg),$$ show that for all $n in mathbb{N},$ $x_n geq sqrt{2}.$
I tried the following. Suppose, for contradiction, that $x_{n+1} < sqrt{2}.$ Then, $$frac{1}{2}bigg(x_n + frac{2}{x_n} bigg) < sqrt{2},$$ and $$x_n + frac{2}{x_n} < 2sqrt{2}.$$ Given that $x_n geq sqrt{2},$ it follows that $$sqrt{2} + frac{2}{x_n} leq x_n + frac{2}{x_n} < 2sqrt{2},$$ and $$sqrt{2} + frac{2}{x_n} < 2sqrt{2}.$$ So, $$frac{2}{x_n} < sqrt{2},$$ and $$sqrt{2} < x_n.$$ No contradiction. I've tried proving it directly, by squaring both sides and by leaving the expression as is, and I consistently find that the $x_n$ and the $x_n^{-1}$ are together problematic.
I also tried something that allowed me to arrive at the following: $$x_{n+1}x_n geq 2.$$ But, I don't think that's helpful.
Help?:)
sequences-and-series algebra-precalculus
$endgroup$
This question already has an answer here:
Show that the recursive sequence is bounded
1 answer
Given $x_1 = 2,$ and $$x_{n+1} = frac{1}{2}bigg(x_n + frac{2}{x_n} bigg),$$ show that for all $n in mathbb{N},$ $x_n geq sqrt{2}.$
I tried the following. Suppose, for contradiction, that $x_{n+1} < sqrt{2}.$ Then, $$frac{1}{2}bigg(x_n + frac{2}{x_n} bigg) < sqrt{2},$$ and $$x_n + frac{2}{x_n} < 2sqrt{2}.$$ Given that $x_n geq sqrt{2},$ it follows that $$sqrt{2} + frac{2}{x_n} leq x_n + frac{2}{x_n} < 2sqrt{2},$$ and $$sqrt{2} + frac{2}{x_n} < 2sqrt{2}.$$ So, $$frac{2}{x_n} < sqrt{2},$$ and $$sqrt{2} < x_n.$$ No contradiction. I've tried proving it directly, by squaring both sides and by leaving the expression as is, and I consistently find that the $x_n$ and the $x_n^{-1}$ are together problematic.
I also tried something that allowed me to arrive at the following: $$x_{n+1}x_n geq 2.$$ But, I don't think that's helpful.
Help?:)
This question already has an answer here:
Show that the recursive sequence is bounded
1 answer
sequences-and-series algebra-precalculus
sequences-and-series algebra-precalculus
asked Jan 10 at 5:56
Rafael VergnaudRafael Vergnaud
343116
343116
marked as duplicate by Martin R, Community♦ Jan 10 at 6:06
This question has been asked before and already has an answer. If those answers do not fully address your question, please ask a new question.
marked as duplicate by Martin R, Community♦ Jan 10 at 6:06
This question has been asked before and already has an answer. If those answers do not fully address your question, please ask a new question.
$begingroup$
Just apply "AM >= GM" to $frac{1}{2}bigg(x_n + frac{2}{x_n} bigg)$ ...
$endgroup$
– Martin R
Jan 10 at 6:02
$begingroup$
AM-GM inequality.
$endgroup$
– xbh
Jan 10 at 6:02
$begingroup$
What is the AM-GM inequality?
$endgroup$
– Rafael Vergnaud
Jan 10 at 6:02
1
$begingroup$
The Inequality of arithmetic and geometric means
$endgroup$
– Martin R
Jan 10 at 6:02
$begingroup$
Got it! Thanks :)
$endgroup$
– Rafael Vergnaud
Jan 10 at 6:04
|
show 1 more comment
$begingroup$
Just apply "AM >= GM" to $frac{1}{2}bigg(x_n + frac{2}{x_n} bigg)$ ...
$endgroup$
– Martin R
Jan 10 at 6:02
$begingroup$
AM-GM inequality.
$endgroup$
– xbh
Jan 10 at 6:02
$begingroup$
What is the AM-GM inequality?
$endgroup$
– Rafael Vergnaud
Jan 10 at 6:02
1
$begingroup$
The Inequality of arithmetic and geometric means
$endgroup$
– Martin R
Jan 10 at 6:02
$begingroup$
Got it! Thanks :)
$endgroup$
– Rafael Vergnaud
Jan 10 at 6:04
$begingroup$
Just apply "AM >= GM" to $frac{1}{2}bigg(x_n + frac{2}{x_n} bigg)$ ...
$endgroup$
– Martin R
Jan 10 at 6:02
$begingroup$
Just apply "AM >= GM" to $frac{1}{2}bigg(x_n + frac{2}{x_n} bigg)$ ...
$endgroup$
– Martin R
Jan 10 at 6:02
$begingroup$
AM-GM inequality.
$endgroup$
– xbh
Jan 10 at 6:02
$begingroup$
AM-GM inequality.
$endgroup$
– xbh
Jan 10 at 6:02
$begingroup$
What is the AM-GM inequality?
$endgroup$
– Rafael Vergnaud
Jan 10 at 6:02
$begingroup$
What is the AM-GM inequality?
$endgroup$
– Rafael Vergnaud
Jan 10 at 6:02
1
1
$begingroup$
The Inequality of arithmetic and geometric means
$endgroup$
– Martin R
Jan 10 at 6:02
$begingroup$
The Inequality of arithmetic and geometric means
$endgroup$
– Martin R
Jan 10 at 6:02
$begingroup$
Got it! Thanks :)
$endgroup$
– Rafael Vergnaud
Jan 10 at 6:04
$begingroup$
Got it! Thanks :)
$endgroup$
– Rafael Vergnaud
Jan 10 at 6:04
|
show 1 more comment
2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
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$x_1geqsqrt{2}$, $x_2geqsqrt{2}$. Now suppose $x_{n-1}geqsqrt{2}$, then by AM-GM we have $x_n=frac{1}{2}(x_{n-1}+frac{2}{x_{n-1}})geqfrac{1}{2}(2sqrt{x_{n-1}frac{2}{x_{n-1}}})=sqrt{2}$
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add a comment |
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This is immediate from AM-GM: $frac{1}{2}bigg(x + frac{2}{x} bigg)$ is the arithmetic mean of $x$ and $2/x$, which is always greater than or equal to the geometric mean $sqrt{xcdotfrac{2}{x}}=sqrt{2}$ (for $x>0$).
Alternatively, if you don't know AM-GM, you can reach the same conclusion easily with a bit of calculus. Letting $f(x)=x + frac{2}{x}$, we have $f'(x)=1-frac{2}{x^2}$ which is negative for $0<x<sqrt{2}$ and positive for $x>sqrt{2}$. It follows that $f(x)$ is minimized (on $(0,infty)$) at $x=sqrt{2}$, so $frac{1}{2}f(x)geqfrac{1}{2}f(sqrt{2})=sqrt{2}$ for all $x>0$.
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Oh. I didn't know about that. Thank you!
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– Rafael Vergnaud
Jan 10 at 6:04
add a comment |
2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
$begingroup$
$x_1geqsqrt{2}$, $x_2geqsqrt{2}$. Now suppose $x_{n-1}geqsqrt{2}$, then by AM-GM we have $x_n=frac{1}{2}(x_{n-1}+frac{2}{x_{n-1}})geqfrac{1}{2}(2sqrt{x_{n-1}frac{2}{x_{n-1}}})=sqrt{2}$
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
$x_1geqsqrt{2}$, $x_2geqsqrt{2}$. Now suppose $x_{n-1}geqsqrt{2}$, then by AM-GM we have $x_n=frac{1}{2}(x_{n-1}+frac{2}{x_{n-1}})geqfrac{1}{2}(2sqrt{x_{n-1}frac{2}{x_{n-1}}})=sqrt{2}$
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
$x_1geqsqrt{2}$, $x_2geqsqrt{2}$. Now suppose $x_{n-1}geqsqrt{2}$, then by AM-GM we have $x_n=frac{1}{2}(x_{n-1}+frac{2}{x_{n-1}})geqfrac{1}{2}(2sqrt{x_{n-1}frac{2}{x_{n-1}}})=sqrt{2}$
$endgroup$
$x_1geqsqrt{2}$, $x_2geqsqrt{2}$. Now suppose $x_{n-1}geqsqrt{2}$, then by AM-GM we have $x_n=frac{1}{2}(x_{n-1}+frac{2}{x_{n-1}})geqfrac{1}{2}(2sqrt{x_{n-1}frac{2}{x_{n-1}}})=sqrt{2}$
answered Jan 10 at 6:04
LeeLee
332111
332111
add a comment |
add a comment |
$begingroup$
This is immediate from AM-GM: $frac{1}{2}bigg(x + frac{2}{x} bigg)$ is the arithmetic mean of $x$ and $2/x$, which is always greater than or equal to the geometric mean $sqrt{xcdotfrac{2}{x}}=sqrt{2}$ (for $x>0$).
Alternatively, if you don't know AM-GM, you can reach the same conclusion easily with a bit of calculus. Letting $f(x)=x + frac{2}{x}$, we have $f'(x)=1-frac{2}{x^2}$ which is negative for $0<x<sqrt{2}$ and positive for $x>sqrt{2}$. It follows that $f(x)$ is minimized (on $(0,infty)$) at $x=sqrt{2}$, so $frac{1}{2}f(x)geqfrac{1}{2}f(sqrt{2})=sqrt{2}$ for all $x>0$.
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
Oh. I didn't know about that. Thank you!
$endgroup$
– Rafael Vergnaud
Jan 10 at 6:04
add a comment |
$begingroup$
This is immediate from AM-GM: $frac{1}{2}bigg(x + frac{2}{x} bigg)$ is the arithmetic mean of $x$ and $2/x$, which is always greater than or equal to the geometric mean $sqrt{xcdotfrac{2}{x}}=sqrt{2}$ (for $x>0$).
Alternatively, if you don't know AM-GM, you can reach the same conclusion easily with a bit of calculus. Letting $f(x)=x + frac{2}{x}$, we have $f'(x)=1-frac{2}{x^2}$ which is negative for $0<x<sqrt{2}$ and positive for $x>sqrt{2}$. It follows that $f(x)$ is minimized (on $(0,infty)$) at $x=sqrt{2}$, so $frac{1}{2}f(x)geqfrac{1}{2}f(sqrt{2})=sqrt{2}$ for all $x>0$.
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
Oh. I didn't know about that. Thank you!
$endgroup$
– Rafael Vergnaud
Jan 10 at 6:04
add a comment |
$begingroup$
This is immediate from AM-GM: $frac{1}{2}bigg(x + frac{2}{x} bigg)$ is the arithmetic mean of $x$ and $2/x$, which is always greater than or equal to the geometric mean $sqrt{xcdotfrac{2}{x}}=sqrt{2}$ (for $x>0$).
Alternatively, if you don't know AM-GM, you can reach the same conclusion easily with a bit of calculus. Letting $f(x)=x + frac{2}{x}$, we have $f'(x)=1-frac{2}{x^2}$ which is negative for $0<x<sqrt{2}$ and positive for $x>sqrt{2}$. It follows that $f(x)$ is minimized (on $(0,infty)$) at $x=sqrt{2}$, so $frac{1}{2}f(x)geqfrac{1}{2}f(sqrt{2})=sqrt{2}$ for all $x>0$.
$endgroup$
This is immediate from AM-GM: $frac{1}{2}bigg(x + frac{2}{x} bigg)$ is the arithmetic mean of $x$ and $2/x$, which is always greater than or equal to the geometric mean $sqrt{xcdotfrac{2}{x}}=sqrt{2}$ (for $x>0$).
Alternatively, if you don't know AM-GM, you can reach the same conclusion easily with a bit of calculus. Letting $f(x)=x + frac{2}{x}$, we have $f'(x)=1-frac{2}{x^2}$ which is negative for $0<x<sqrt{2}$ and positive for $x>sqrt{2}$. It follows that $f(x)$ is minimized (on $(0,infty)$) at $x=sqrt{2}$, so $frac{1}{2}f(x)geqfrac{1}{2}f(sqrt{2})=sqrt{2}$ for all $x>0$.
edited Jan 10 at 6:08
answered Jan 10 at 6:03
Eric WofseyEric Wofsey
182k12209337
182k12209337
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Oh. I didn't know about that. Thank you!
$endgroup$
– Rafael Vergnaud
Jan 10 at 6:04
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Oh. I didn't know about that. Thank you!
$endgroup$
– Rafael Vergnaud
Jan 10 at 6:04
$begingroup$
Oh. I didn't know about that. Thank you!
$endgroup$
– Rafael Vergnaud
Jan 10 at 6:04
$begingroup$
Oh. I didn't know about that. Thank you!
$endgroup$
– Rafael Vergnaud
Jan 10 at 6:04
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Just apply "AM >= GM" to $frac{1}{2}bigg(x_n + frac{2}{x_n} bigg)$ ...
$endgroup$
– Martin R
Jan 10 at 6:02
$begingroup$
AM-GM inequality.
$endgroup$
– xbh
Jan 10 at 6:02
$begingroup$
What is the AM-GM inequality?
$endgroup$
– Rafael Vergnaud
Jan 10 at 6:02
1
$begingroup$
The Inequality of arithmetic and geometric means
$endgroup$
– Martin R
Jan 10 at 6:02
$begingroup$
Got it! Thanks :)
$endgroup$
– Rafael Vergnaud
Jan 10 at 6:04